Geographically distributed real-time co-simulation of electric vehicle. - In: 8th-2022 International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT'22), (2022), S. 1002-1007
The present paper shows the capabilities of a distributed real-time co-simulation environment merging simulation models and testing facilities for developing and verifying electric vehicles. This environment has been developed in the framework of the XILforEV project and the presented case is focused on a ride control with a real suspension installed on a test bench in Spain, which uses real-time information from a complete vehicle model in Germany. Given the long distance between both sites, it has been necessary to develop a specific delay compensation algorithm. This algorithm is general enough to be used in other real-time co-simulation frameworks. In the present work, the system architecture including the communication compensation is described and successfully experimentally validated.
https://doi.org/10.1109/CoDIT55151.2022.9804062
Colored Petri net modelling and evaluation of drone inspection methods for distribution networks. - In: Sensors, ISSN 1424-8220, Bd. 22 (2022), 9, 3418, S. 1-20
https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093418
Methoden zur Messung und Prädiktion der Partikelemissionen von Bremse und Reifen. - In: [Hauptband], (2021), S. 185-204
Distributed local X-in-the-loop environment - a tool for electric vehicle systems design. - In: Zenodo, (2021), insges. 6 S.
The paper describes methodology and corresponding environment for development, validation and testing of complex electric vehicle (EV) systems. The proposed approach is based on distribution of relevant design tasks between remotely working testing equipment with real-time (RT) data sharing and data exchange. The approach is demonstrated by the example of X-in-the-loop (XIL) environment uniting electric motor test setup, hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) platform with brake-by-wire system, and the brake dynamometer. The study introduces how this configuration of experimental tools can be used by designing the brake blending and control of an EV.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4905931
Advanced electric vehicle components for long-distance daily trips. - In: Zenodo, (2021), insges. 8 S.
This paper introduces a holistic engineering approach for the design of an electric sport utility vehicle focused on the reliable capability of long-distance daily trips. This approach is targeting integration of advanced powertrain and chassis components to achieve energy-efficient driving dynamics through manifold contribution of their improved functions. The powertrain layout of the electric vehicle under discussion is designed for an e-traction axle system including in-wheel motors and the dual inverter. The main elements of the chassis layout are the electro-magnetic suspension and the hybrid brake-by-wire system with electro-hydraulic actuators on the front axle and the electro-mechanical actuators on the rear axle. All the listed powertrain and chassis components are united under an integrated vehicle dynamics and energy management control strategy that is also outlined in the paper. The study is illustrated with the experimental results confirming the achieved high performance on the electric vehicle systems level.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4905907
X-in-the-Loop-Ansatz zur Entwicklung von Elektrofahrzeugen. - In: MTZ extra, ISSN 2509-4580, (2021), 8, S. 18-22
Optimization using a shared and distributed X-in-the-Loop testing environment. - In: 2021 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), (2021), insges. 6 S.
X-in-the-loop (XIL) technologies have been receiving increased attention in modern automotive development processes. In particular, collaborative experiments using XIL tools have efficient applications in the design of multi-actuated, electric, and automated vehicles. The presented paper introduces results of such a collaborative study with XIL, which focused on the feasibility of coordinated real-time (RT) simulations for the control of vehicle dynamics systems. The outcomes are based on extensive co-simulation tests performed with remote connections among different geographical locations. The performed study allowed formulating requirements for further shared and distributed XIL-experiments for functional validation of automotive control systems.
https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC53923.2021.9699231
Electric wheel dual drive: functional integration for e-vehicle. - In: Intelligent system solutions for auto mobility and beyond, (2021), S. 211-222
The EVC1000 project (Electric Vehicle Components for 1000 km daily trips) aims at developing brand-independent components and systems, and demonstrates them through an integrated wheel-centric propulsion architecture and EV (Electric Vehicle) management approach implemented on two different EVs.The project relies on in-wheel motor and provides new chassis components and integrated controllers. Moreover a compact centralised drive for in-wheel motor axles, based on Silicon Carbide technology, targeting superior levels of functional integration and failsafe operation will be integrated in the EVs.
Investigations on the deposition behaviour of brake wear particles on the wheel surface. - In: SAE Mobilus, (2021), SAE technical paper 2021-01-1301, Seite 1-13
The deposition behavior of brake wear particles on the surface of a wheel and the mechanisms on it have not been fully understood. In addition, the proportion of brake wear particles deposited on the wheel surface compared to the total emitted particles is almost unknown. This information is necessary to evaluate the number- and mass-related emission factors measured on the inertia dynamometer and to compare them with on-road and vehicle-related emission behaviour. The aim of this study is to clarify the deposition behavior of brake particles on the wheel surface. First, the real deposition behaviour is determined in on-road tests. For particle sampling, collection pads are adapted at different positions of a front and rear axle wheel. In addition to a Real Driving Emissions (RDE)-compliant test cycle, tests are performed in urban, rural and motorway sections to evaluate speed-dependent influences. Microscopic analysis is used to determine the particle number concentration and particle size distribution of the samples. Another focus is the analysis of particle deposition behaviour on the wheel surface along inertial dynamometer tests with Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) and Non-Asbestos Organic (NAO)-brake pads. For this purpose, a special setup is used which allows the simulation of realistic flow conditions. In addition to simulating the RDE-compliant test cycle, the novel Worldwide harmonized Light-Duty vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP)-brake cycle is used to ensure real world driving and braking conditions. Finally, simulative investigations on the basis of a transient Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model allow the particle motion to be evaluated under consideration of geometry and flow conditions. By implementing a physical deposition model, it is possible to quantify particle deposition as a function of particle size and material properties. The investigations have shown that < 15 % of the total wear mass deposits on the surface of the wheel. In addition, a correlation with the driving speed could be demonstrated. The highest relative proportions could be determined in the urban and motorway sections, the lowest in the city section. In addition, a clear correlation could be established between pad composition, particle size and deposition position.
https://doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-1301
Theoretical and experimental investigations of the friction behavior of automotive shock absorbers. - Ilmenau : Universitätsbibliothek, 2021. - 1 Online-Ressource (IX, 130 Seiten, Seite X-XXIV)
Technische Universität Ilmenau, Dissertation 2021
Reibung in Automobil-Schwingungsdämpfern setzt sich aus zwei Reibungstypen zusammen: Die beabsichtigte viskose Flüssigkeitsreibung dämpft geschwindigkeitsabhängig die Fahrwerksschwingungen, während die ungewollte Festkörperreibung zwischen den aneinander reibenden Dichtungen und Führungen des Dämpfers entsteht. Die letztere, sogenannte statische Reibung beeinträchtigt den Fahrkomfort und (bei hohem Reibniveau) die Fahrsicherheit. Die Verminderung der statischen Reibung ist daher ein übliches Ziel in der Dämpferentwicklung. In dieser Dissertation wird eine Methode zur Reibungssimulation vorgestellt, welche die Optimierung der Dämpferreibung früh im Entwicklungsprozess ermöglicht, wodurch Zeit und Kosten für die Untersuchung realer Prototypen deutlich gesenkt werden können. Zur Ermittlung der Parameter, welche in relevanter Weise das Reibverhalten des Dämpfers mitbestimmen, werden neuartige Einzelreibstellenprüfstände entwickelt und aufgebaut, da bereits existierende Dämpferreibungsprüfstände die tatsächlichen Betriebsbedingungen im Gesamtdämpfer nur unzureichend wiedergeben. Die Integrität dieses Experimentalkonzeptes wird durch Reibmessungen am Gesamtdämpfer validiert. Die Einzelreibstellenmessungen werden ausgewertet, woraufhin ein Ansatz zur Reibmodellierung aufgrund des Reibverhaltens entwickelt wird. Da Dämpferreibung in hohem Maße geometrieabhängig und die Variation von Bauteilgeometrie ein üblicher Konstruktionsprozess ist, wird 3D-FEM-Struktursimulation verwendet, um die Verformung der Dämpferbauteile durch Montage und unter veränderlichen Betriebsbedingungen zu bestimmen. In den jeweiligen Kontaktzonen der FEM-Simulation wird ein dynamisches Reibmodell implementiert und mittels Einzelreibstellenmessungen parametriert. Im Anschluss an die Parametrierung des Gesamtreibmodells mit Geometriedaten, Betriebsbedingung, Materialdaten und Reibmodellparametern werden Einzelreibstellensimulationen durchgeführt, ausgewertet und gegen sowohl Einzelreihstellen- als auch Gesamtdämpfermessungen validiert. Es stellt sich heraus, dass die in dieser Arbeit vorgestellte Simulationsmethode die Vorhersage des Reibverhaltens übereinstimmend mit den anfangs auf geführten Anforderungen erlaubt. Die Anwendung dieser Methode ermöglicht es somit, ein weites Feld von dämpferreibungsrelevanten Parametern mit signifikant erhöhter Entwicklungseffizienz zuverlässig zu untersuchen.
https://doi.org/10.22032/dbt.50596