Publications - Complete List as of 2007 (without theses)

Results: 126
Created on: Thu, 28 Mar 2024 23:03:08 +0100 in 0.6564 sec


Rabe, Markus; Stoldt, Johannes; Straßburger, Steffen; Viebahn, Christoph von
Classification, input data, and key performance indicators. - In: Energy-related material flow simulation in production and logistics, (2024), S. 3-23

Simulation is a well-known technology for production and logistics, especially for the planning of new systems and the examination of ideas to optimize existing ones. In the past, the main target of such studies has been costs of equipment and personnel, but the continuously stricter view on consumption of energy has shifted this focus towards the analysis of energy consumption and emission of greenhouse gas. In some cases this might be straightforward, e.g., when the resulting production hours can just be multiplied with energy consumption per hour. Many cases, however, are far more complicated and can only be sufficiently analyzed when the detailed dynamics of energy consumption are already considered in the simulation model. Thus, a number of different approaches exist to model energy aspects in simulation models, depending on the goal of the investigation and the kind of production or logistics process. This chapter classifies these approaches in a morphological box and explains the details of the related categories. Furthermore, it discusses the requirements to input data that arise when simulation models are amended with energy components, and discusses the additional results that can be gained from such models.



https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34218-9_1
Wenzel, Sigrid; Rabe, Markus; Straßburger, Steffen; Viebahn, Christoph von
Energy-related material flow simulation in production and logistics. - Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2024. - 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 203 p.) ISBN 978-3-031-34218-9

Classification, input data, and key performance indicators -- Manufacturing -- Automotive -- Transportation -- Retail -- Perishables -- Renewables.



https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34218-9
Genath, Jonas; Straßburger, Steffen
How not to visualize your simulation output data. - In: 2023 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), (2023), S. 1351-1362

Hybrid modeling and simulation studies combine well-defined methods from other disciplines with a simulation technique. Especially in the area of output data analysis of simulation studies, there is great potential for hybrid approaches that incorporate methods from machine learning and AI. For their successful application, the analytical capabilities of machine learning and AI must be combined with the interpretive capabilities of humans. In most cases, this connection is achieved through visualizations. As methods become more complicated, the demands on visualizations are increasing. In this paper, we conduct a data farming study and delve into the analysis of the output data. In doing so, we uncover typical errors in visualizations making the interpretation and evaluation of the data difficult or misleading. We then apply concepts of visual analytics to these visualizations and derive general guidelines to help simulation users to analyze their simulation studies and present results unambiguously and clearly.



https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC60868.2023.10407704
Bergmann, Sören; Ehrle, Steven
Basic layouts for modular assembly systems - a simulation-based comparison :
Grundlayouts für modulare Montagesysteme - ein simulationsbasierter Vergleich. - In: Simulation in Produktion und Logistik 2023, (2023), S. 197-206

The article discusses the challenges posed by increased individualization of products, shorter product life cycles, and external factors on the flexibility of modern production systems. In particular, flexible workshop-oriented manufacturing principles are being implemented to replace or supplement traditional assembly lines, with various terms such as "modular assembly" and "matrix production" etc. used to describe similar concepts. The article presents these concepts under the umbrella term of modular production or assembly systems, which utilize adaptable workstations and autonomous vehicles to transport production orders between stations. The design of such systems is crucial to their performance, with considerations such as task allocation, material supply, and fleet sizing requiring complex interplay. The article compares traditional matrix layouts with alternative options, such as single-lane pathways and non-matrix layouts like honeycomb or star shapes, using simulationbased analysis to evaluate their potential impact on system performance.



https://doi.org/10.22032/dbt.57809
Scheer, Richard; Straßburger, Steffen; Knapp, Marc
The Hybrid Digital Twin: a practical way to connect simulation with operational production systems :
Der Hybride Digitale Zwilling: eine praxistaugliche Verbindung von Simulation und operationellen Produktionssystemen. - In: Simulation in Produktion und Logistik 2023, (2023), S. 91-101

Digital Twins are currently a topic of much discussion in academia. However, they have yet to be transferred to general industrial practice because there are still significant challenges concerning their implementation. This paper proposes the concept of the Hybrid Digital Twin to address these challenges. At first, it will elucidate the concept and introduce a real-world prototype of an operational production line. Afterwards, it will validate the prototypical implementation and demonstrate a detailed strategy to calibrate it. Then the paper presents potential strategies to use the Hybrid Digital Twin in a production environment. Finally, further developments and remaining issues are discussed.



https://doi.org/10.22032/dbt.57888
Bergmann, Sören; Feldkamp, Niclas; Souren, Rainer; Straßburger, Steffen
Simulation in Produktion und Logistik 2023 : ASIM Fachtagung : 20. Fachtagung, 13.-15. September 2023, TU Ilmenau. - Ilmenau : Universitätsverlag Ilmenau, 2023. - 1 Online-Ressource (XII, 485 Seiten). - (ASIM-Mitteilung ; Nr. 187)
https://doi.org/10.22032/dbt.57476
Feldkamp, Niclas; Straßburger, Steffen
From explainable AI to explainable simulation: using machine learning and XAI to understand system robustness. - In: ACM SIGSIM-PADS 2023, (2023), S. 96-106

Evaluating robustness is an important goal in simulation-based analysis. Robustness is achieved when the controllable factors of a system are adjusted in such a way that any possible variance in uncontrollable factors (noise) has minimal impact on the variance of the desired output. The optimization of system robustness using simulation is a dedicated and well-established research direction. However, once a simulation model is available, there is a lot of potential to learn more about the inherent relationships in the system, especially regarding its robustness. Data farming offers the possibility to explore large design spaces using smart experiment design, high performance computing, automated analysis, and interactive visualization. Sophisticated machine learning methods excel at recognizing and modelling the relation between large amounts of simulation input and output data. However, investigating and analyzing this modelled relationship can be very difficult, since most modern machine learning methods like neural networks or random forests are opaque black boxes. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) can help to peak into this black box, helping us to explore and learn about relations between simulation input and output. In this paper, we introduce a concept for using Data Farming, machine learning and XAI to investigate and understand system robustness of a given simulation model.



https://doi.org/10.1145/3573900.3591114
Wörrlein, Benjamin; Straßburger, Steffen
Dynamic Time Warping und Synthesedaten zur Validierung von Seq2Seq für die Simulation. - In: ASIM Workshop 2023, (2023), S. 133-142

Seq2Seq is a machine learning method that allows to translate sequences into other sequences. This method has been tried in hybrid simulation of machine tools. The method has been used to generate time series of energy consumption of jobs from the corresponding numerical control code that runs on a machine tool. Seq2Seq suffers from various problems. Firstly, the creation of training data is costly. Secondly, standard Seq2Seq metrics only allow for the evaluation of a prediction of one timestamp at a time, not an entire time series. Thirdly, training metrics are failing when vanilla data is used, as two identical numerical control codes can result in deviating time series. This causes confusion for the model in the training loop, as it is not clear which time series should be considered correct. Here we propose a holistic framework to all three problems, that contains synthetic data, additional metrics for time series and dynamic time warping.



https://doi.org/10.11128/arep.21.a2113
Scheer, Richard; Straßburger, Steffen; Knapp, Marc
Hybridization of the Digital Twin - overcoming implementation challenges. - In: Proceedings of the 56th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, (2023), S. 1438-1447

In the context of Industry 4.0 the concept of the Digital Twin has gained significant momentum in industry as well as academia. Researchers have hypothesized a great number of potential benefits of the concept's usage. However, few real-world implementations have been recorded. This paper addresses the most pressing challenges inhibiting the concept's industrial application. It describes the process of the concept's hybridization to achieve a practical implementation strategy: the Hybrid Digital Twin. Subsequently, a prototype is implemented using a presently operational real-world manufacturing system to substantiate the viability of the methodology. Finally, the benefits, remaining issues and future developments of the concept are discussed.



https://hdl.handle.net/10125/102810
Straßburger, Steffen
DaWiS - Entwicklung einer integrierten Lösung für das Data Farming und die Wissensentdeckung in Simulationsdaten : Abschlussbericht des im Rahmen der Fördermaßnahme KMU-innovativ: IKT geförderten Verbundprojekts : (Projektlaufzeit: 01.01.2020-31.12.2021). - Ilmenau : Technische Universität Ilmenau - Fachgebiet Informationstechnik in Produktion und Logistik (ITPL). - 1 Online-Ressource (31 Seiten, 2,81 MB)Förderkennzeichen BMBF 01 IS 190 42B

https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e01fb23/1860143911.pdf
Morlang, Frank; Straßburger, Steffen
On the role of HLA-based simulation in New Space. - In: 2022 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), (2022), S. 430-440

This paper discusses High Level Architecture (HLA) based simulation in the context of the emergence of the private spaceflight industry called New Space. We postulate that distributed simulation plays a fundamental role in facilitating new opportunities of a cost efficient access to space. HLA defines a simulation system's architecture framework with a focus on reusability and interoperability. The article will therefore discuss the impact of its usage on the potential of affordable new aerospace systems developments. Future possibilities with an increased level of loose component coupling are presented.



https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC57314.2022.10015338
Bergmann, Sören;
Optimization of the design of modular production systems. - In: 2022 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), (2022), S. 1783-1793

The desire for more flexibility in manufacturing systems, especially when different products or many product variants are manufactured in one production system is leading to a move away from the manufacturing principle of classic line production to more flexible and workshop-oriented production systems, particularly in the automotive industry. One of the challenges in these so-called modular assembly or production systems is the system design, especially the allocation of activities to the individual production cells. One approach to improve this allocation is offered by simulation-based optimization. In this paper, a concept for simulation-based optimization of the design of modular production systems is presented and demonstrated by means of a small academic case study. Classical genetic algorithms and additionally the NSGA-II algorithm, which also allows multi-objective optimization, are used.



https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC57314.2022.10015350
Feldkamp, Niclas; Genath, Jonas; Straßburger, Steffen
Explainable AI for data farming output analysis: a use case for knowledge generation through black-box classifiers. - In: 2022 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), (2022), S. 1152-1163

Data farming combines large-scale simulation experiments with high performance computing and sophisticated big data analysis methods. The portfolio of analysis methods for those large amounts of simulation data still yields potential to further development, and new methods emerge frequently. Among the most interesting are methods of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). Those methods enable the use of black-box-classifiers for data farming output analysis, which has been shown in a previous paper. In this paper, we apply the concept for XAI-based data farming analysis on a complex, real world case study to investigate the suitability of such concept in a real world application, and we also elaborate on which black-box classifiers are actually the most suitable for large-scale simulation data that accumulates in a data farming project.



https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC57314.2022.10015304
Genath, Jonas; Bergmann, Sören; Feldkamp, Niclas; Spieckermann, Sven; Stauber, Stephan
Development of an integrated solution for data farming and knowledge discovery in simulation data. - In: Simulation Notes Europe, ISSN 2164-5353, Bd. 32 (2022), 3, S. 121-126

Simulation is an established methodology for planning and evaluating manufacturing and logistics systems. In contrast to classical simulation studies, the method of knowledge discovery in simulation data uses a simulation model as a data generator (data farming). Subsequently, hidden, previously unknown and potentially useful cause-effect relationships can be uncovered on the generated data using data mining and visual analytics methods. So far, however, there was a lack of integrated, easy-to-use software solutions for the application of the data farming in operational practice. This paper presents such an integrated solution, which allows generating experiment designs, implements a method to distribute the necessary experiment runs, and provides the user with tools to analyze and visualize the result data.



https://dx.doi.org/10.11128/sne.32.tn.10611
Straßburger, Steffen;
Die ereignisdiskrete Simulation und ihr Verhältnis zu informationstechnischen Modetrends. - In: Drei Dutzend Jahre Simulationstechnik, (2022), S. 5-6

Dem Motto dieses Festkolloquiums entsprechend schaut dieser Beitrag auf die Methode der ereignisdiskreten Simulation und ihr Verhältnis zu informationstechnischen Modetrends im Betrachtungszeitraum. Im Grunde argumentieren wir, dass sich an der Methode der ereignisdiskreten Simulation im Betrachtungszeitraum - also in den letzten 36 Jahren - nichts Wesentliches geändert hat. Dies ist nicht als Kritik an der ereignisdiskreten Simulation zu werten, sondern könnte heute als Resilienz bezeichnet werden. Die ereignisdiskrete Simulation ist weiterhin hochrelevant und zeigt im Zusammenspiel mit informationstechnischen Neuerungen ihr nach wie vor großes Nutzenpotential.



Hafner, Anke;
Mobile Assistenzsysteme in der Intralogistikplanung der Automobilindustrie - Gestaltung, Nutzen und Akzeptanz Augmented Reality-basierter Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstellen. - Ilmenau : Universitätsverlag Ilmenau, 2022. - 1 Online-Ressource (XVII, 245 Seiten, Seite XIX-LXVI)
Technische Universität Ilmenau, Dissertation 2022

Steigende Herausforderungen, wie z.B. ein intensiver Wettbewerbsdruck hinsichtlich Innovationen und eine damit einhergehende Individualisierung der Produkte sowie eine steigende Internationalisierung führen zu einem Wandel in der Automobilbranche. Die Kombination der Faktoren führt zu einem Anstieg der Komplexität in der Fahrzeugherstellung sowie einem Anstieg der Komplexität des Produktionssystems. Eine wichtige Rolle in der Automobilindustrie wird u. a der Intralogistik zugeschrieben. Die Intralogistik, ausgehend von der Komplexität der Automobilindustrie, steht ebenso gewissen Herausforderungen gegenüber. Um der steigenden Komplexität entgegen zu wirken, besteht der Bedarf an innovativen Lösungen seitens der Logistikplanung. Eine Möglichkeit in der Intralogistikplanung kann der Einsatz von innovativen Mensch-Maschine Schnittstellen in Form von mobilen Assistenzsystemen mit Augmented Reality sein. Der Technologie Augmented Reality werden zahlreiche positive Eigenschaften zugesagt. Im Bereich der Intralogistik, bezogen auf Augmented Reality, wird vermehrt die operative Intralogistik, wie z. B. die Kommissionierung und das Picken, betrachtet. Obwohl auf dem Markt zahlreiche Technologien bestehen und diese in verschiedenen Anwendungsbereichen eingesetzt werden, existieren in der Intralogistikplanung keine flächendeckenden Anwendungen im Sinne eines mobilen Assistenzsystems mit Augmented Reality in einer Produktionshalle. Ausgehend davon wird in diesem Buch ein Use Case und darauf basierende Prototypen für eine Augmented Reality -basierte Intralogistikplanung in der Automobilindustrie entwickelt. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf der Schaffung eines mobilen Assistenzsystems, welches eine durchgängige Augmented Reality -basierte Intralogistikplanung in der Endmontage der Automobilindustrie unterstützt. Für die Ausgestaltung des Use Cases erfolgt die Durchführung einer systematischen Literaturanalyse und das Analysieren von vorhandenen intralogistischen Planungsprozessen mit dem Ziel, die relevanten Planungsprozesse für den Einsatz des mobilen Assistenzsystems zu definieren. Auf Basis von funktionalen und nicht-funktionalen Anforderungen werden zwei Prototypen implementiert. Die prototypische Umsetzung erfolgt sowohl nach einem SLAM-basierten als auch nach einem hybriden Trackingansatz. Ferner werden die Prototypen anhand eines Feldexperiments validiert. Darüber hinaus wird für die Evaluation der Akzeptanz von Augmented Reality in der Intralogistikplanung das Technology Acceptance Model empirisch ausgewertet.



https://doi.org/10.22032/dbt.53078
Wörrlein, Benjamin; Straßburger, Steffen
Hochaufgelöste Energieprofile durch hybride Simulation. - In: ASIM SST 2022 Proceedings Langbeiträge, (2022), S. 243-251

The price of a commodity, as electricity, is determined on a commodity market. A market is efficient when the supply and demand in the market are at an equilibrium. Efficient markets run on information. Information can cause a spontaneous and instantaneous change within the supply and demand in a market. The market communicates this new equilibrium through the change of the price of a commodity. In the electricity market the supplier and consumer communicate through electrical load profiles. A load profile signals when and how much energy should be consumed within a certain time frame without causing a change in the price of electricity. Creating such load profiles is commonly done by the supplier of energy by means of standard load profiles. Here we propose a data-driven simulation-based method that allows for the consumer to create its own specific load profile, which potentially will bring down the cost of energy consumed.



https://dx.doi.org/10.11128/arep.20.a2004
Feldkamp, Niclas; Bergmann, Sören; Straßburger, Steffen
Simulationsbasiertes Deep Reinforcement Learning für Modulare Produktionssysteme. - In: ASIM SST 2022 Proceedings Langbeiträge, (2022), S. 65-72

Modulare Produktionssysteme sollen die traditionelle Fließbandproduktion in der Automobilindustrie ablösen. Die Idee dabei ist, dass sich hochgradig individualisierte Produkte dynamisch und autonom durch ein System flexibler Arbeitsstationen bewegen können. Dieser Ansatz stellt hohe Anforderungen an die Planung und Organisation solcher Systeme. Da jedes Produkt seinen Weg durch das System frei und individuell bestimmen kann, kann die Implementierung von Regeln und Heuristiken, die die Flexibilität des Systems zur Leistungssteigerung ausnutzen, in diesem dynamischen Umfeld schwierig sein. Transportaufgaben werden in der Regel von fahrerlosen Transportsystemen (FTS) ausgeführt. Daher bietet die Integration von KI-basierten Steuerungslogiken eine vielversprechende Alternative zu manuell implementierten Entscheidungsregeln für den Betrieb der FTS. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Ansatz für den Einsatz von Reinforcement Learning (RL) in Kombination mit Simulation vorgestellt, um FTS in modularen Produktionssystemen zu steuern. Darüber hinaus werden Untersuchungen zu dessen Flexibilität und Skalierbarkeit durchgeführt.



https://dx.doi.org/10.11128/arep.20.a2007
Bergmann, Sören;
Optimierung des Designs modularer Montagesysteme. - In: ASIM SST 2022 Proceedings Langbeiträge, (2022), S. 15-22

Der Wunsch nach mehr Flexibilität in Fertigungssystemen, insbesondere, wenn verschiedene Produkte bzw. viele Produktvarianten in einem Produktionssystem gefertigt werden, führt, besonders in der Automobilindustrie, zur Abkehr vom Fertigungsprinzip der klassischen Linienfertigungen hin zu eher flexiblen und werkstattorientierten Produktionssystemen. Eine der Herausforderungen in diesen so genannten modularen Montage- bzw. Produktionssystemen ist das Systemdesign, insbesondere die Zuordnung der Tätigkeiten auf die einzelnen Fertigungsinseln. Ein Ansatz, diese Zuordnung zu verbessern bietet die simulationsbasierte Optimierung. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Konzept zur simulationsbasierten Optimierung des Designs modularer Montagesysteme vorgestellt und anhand einer Fallstudie demonstriert. Zum Einsatz kommen hierbei genetische Algorithmen, speziell der NSGA-II-Algorithmus, welcher auch mehrkriterielle Optimierung ermöglicht.



https://dx.doi.org/10.11128/arep.20.a2006
Genath, Jonas; Bergmann, Sören; Straßburger, Steffen; Spieckermann, Sven; Stauber, Stephan
Data farming and knowledge discovery in simulation data : development of an integrated solution
Data Farming und Wissensentdeckung in Simulationsdaten : Entwicklung einer integrierten Lösung. - In: Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, ISSN 2511-0896, Bd. 117 (2022), 3, S. 144-150

Simulation als Methode der Digitalen Fabrik hat sich seit langem zur Unterstützung der Planung von Produktions- und Logistiksystemen etabliert. In Ergänzung zu bisher vorherrschenden Simulationsstudien wird bei der hier vorgestellten Methode der Wissensentdeckung in Simulationsdaten ein Simulationsmodell als Datengenerator verwendet. Dadurch können mittels Data-Mining- und Visual-Analytics-Methoden versteckte und potenziell nützliche Ursache-Wirkungs-Beziehungen in den generierten Daten aufgedeckt werden. Bislang fehlte es jedoch an integrierten Softwarelösungen für die Praxis.



https://doi.org/10.1515/zwf-2022-1032
Feldkamp, Niclas; Bergmann, Sören; Conrad, Florian; Straßburger, Steffen
A method using generative adversarial networks for robustness optimization. - In: ACM transactions on modeling and computer simulation, ISSN 1558-1195, Bd. 32 (2022), 2, S. 12:1-12:22

The evaluation of robustness is an important goal within simulation-based analysis, especially in production and logistics systems. Robustness refers to setting controllable factors of a system in such a way that variance in the uncontrollable factors (noise) has minimal effect on a given output. In this paper, we present an approach for optimizing robustness based on deep generative models, a special method of deep learning. We propose a method consisting of two Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to generate optimized experiment plans for the decision factors and the noise factors in a competitive, turn-based game. In a case study, the proposed method is tested and compared to traditional methods for robustness analysis including Taguchi method and Response Surface Method.



https://doi.org/10.1145/3503511
Harman, Durmus; Buschmann, Daniel; Scheer, Richard; Hellwig, M.; Knapp, Marc; Schmitt, Robert; Eigenbrod, Hella
Data Analytics Production Line Optimization Model (DAPLOM) - a systematic framework for process optimizations. - In: Production at the leading edge of technology, (2022), S. 412-420

In this paper, we present a new framework for process optimizations, the Data Analytics Production Line Optimization Model (DAPLOM). Due to increasing efforts in the digitalization of production systems, an extensive amount of production data is available for analytics. This data can be used for the optimization of production lines and the prediction of their performance (e.g. drift of parameters or component quality) in order to achieve economic and technical improvements. The demand for systematical usage of data-driven methods involving technologies like Data Analytics and Machine Learning and the combination of engineering approaches is growing continuously.DAPLOM guides the implementation process of IT supported problem-solving solutions in production environments. It combines classical process- with data-driven approaches. Specific focus lies on achieving a holistic perspective with a macro- as well as a microscopic view on the given conditions. Here the macroscopic view covers the general material flow, whereas microscopic view considers process details. Additionally, DAPLOM provides useful methods in a step-by-step procedure structured in seven phases. The framework is validated in an industrial use case of an automated wire bending process. Thus, the effectiveness of the framework is demonstrated and further development potentials are identified.



Genath, Jonas; Bergmann, Sören; Feldkamp, Niclas; Straßburger, Steffen
Automation within the process of knowledge discovery in simulation data : characterization of the result data
Automatisierung im Prozess der Wissensentdeckung in Simulationsdaten : Charakterisierung der Ergebnisdaten. - In: Simulation in Produktion und Logistik 2021, (2021), S. 367-376
Literaturangaben

The traditional application of simulation in production and logistics is usually aimed at changing certain parameters in order to answer clearly defined objectives or questions. In contrast to this approach, the method of knowledge discovery in simulation data (KDS) uses a simulation model as a data generator (data farming). Subsequently using data mining methods, hidden, previously unknown and potentially useful cause-effect relationships can be uncovered. So far, however, there is a lack of guidelines and automatization-tools for non-experts or novices in KDS, which leads to a more difficult use in industrial applications and prevents a broader utilization. This paper presents a concept for automating the first step of the KDS, which is the process of characterization of the result data, using meta learning and validates it on small case study.



Feldkamp, Niclas;
Data farming output analysis using explainable AI. - In: 2021 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), (2021), insges. 12 S.

Data Farming combines large-scale simulation experiments with high performance computing and sophisticated big data analysis methods. The portfolio of analysis methods for those large amounts of simulation data still yields potential to further development, and new methods emerge frequently. Especially the application of machine learning and artificial intelligence is difficult, since a lot of those methods are very good at approximating data for prediction, but less at actually revealing their underlying model of rules. To overcome the lack of comprehensibility of such black-box algorithms, a discipline called explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has gained a lot of traction and has become very popular recently. This paper shows how to extend the portfolio of Data Farming output analysis methods using XAI.



https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC52266.2021.9715470
Hafner, Anke; Straßburger, Steffen
The acceptance of augmented reality as a determining factor in intralogistics planning. - In: 54th CIRP CMS 2021, (2021), S. 1209-1214

In the automotive industry, an innovative tool to support the intralogistics planning is essential. One possibility is the use of augmented reality (AR). AR can be a suitable tool for improving the planning of intralogistics processes. An improvement of the intralogistics planning processes can be realized by applying this technology. The application thereby dependents on the acceptance of AR. In this paper, the Technology Acceptance Model and a survey are used to verify the acceptance of AR in intralogistics planning. In addition, relevant factors are identified having an impact on the acceptance using AR in intralogistics.



https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2021.11.203
Kuehner, Kim Jessica; Scheer, Richard; Straßburger, Steffen
Digital Twin: finding common ground - a meta-review. - In: 54th CIRP CMS 2021, Bd. 104 (2021), S. 1227-1232

The concept of the Digital Twin in the context of Industry 4.0 is omnipresent in research concerning manufacturing. However, the understanding of the term varies between applications. Although scholars have previously reviewed research on the topic, a consensus was never reached. Therefore, this paper attempts to compare existing reviews relating to the Digital Twin with the purpose of detecting prevalent as well as contrasting views on key issues. It elucidates commonalities in terminology, conceivable benefits as well as remaining research issues. Hence, it provides a conceptual outline of the Digital Twin that further research can build upon.



https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2021.11.206
Genath, Jonas; Bergmann, Sören; Spieckermann, Sven; Stauber, Stephan; Feldkamp, Niclas
Development of an integrated solution for data farming and knowledge discovery in simulation data :
Entwicklung einer integrierten Lösung für das Data Farming und die Wissensentdeckung in Simulationsdaten. - In: Simulation in Produktion und Logistik 2021, (2021), S. 377-386
Literaturangaben

Simulation is an established methodology for planning and evaluating manufacturing and logistics systems. In contrast to classical simulation studies, the method of knowledge discovery in simulation data uses a simulation model as a data generator (data farming). Subsequently, hidden, previously unknown and potentially useful cause-effect relationships can be uncovered on the generated data using data mining and visual analytics methods. So far, however, there is a lack of integrated, easy-to-use software solutions for the application of the data farming in operational practice. This paper presents such an integrated solution, which allows for generating experiment designs, implements a method to distribute the necessary experiment runs, and provides the user with tools to analyze and visualize the result data.



Scheer, Richard; Straßburger, Steffen; Knapp, Marc
Concepts for digital-physical connection : comparison, benefits and critical issues
Digital-physische Verbundkonzepte: Gegenüberstellung, Nutzeffekte und kritische Hürden. - In: Simulation in Produktion und Logistik 2021, (2021), S. 11-20
Literaturangaben

Several concepts for digital-physical connection exist in literature and practice. This paper provides an overview over prevalent concepts. It characterises their specific attributes and places them in contrast with each other. Furthermore, it describes the major benefits as well as the most critical issues in the implementation of these concepts. These potential benefits and issues might then also serve as indicators for further research. From a practical perspective, this paper introduces a straightforward procedure to indicate the appropriate and most efficient concept for any specific implementation of a digital-physical connection system. It bases this indication on the specific requirements of the application.



Römer, Anna Carina;
Simulation-based optimization of energy efficiency in production. - Wiesbaden : Springer Gabler, 2021. - xxviii, 221 Seiten. - (Forschung zur Digitalisierung der Wirtschaft | Advanced Studies in Business Digitization)
Technische Universität Ilmenau, Dissertation 2020

ISBN 978-3-658-32970-9

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Integration von Energieaspekten in die Produktionssimulation. Die Energieverbräuche von Produktionsanlagen werden in einem Simulationsmodell abgebildet, um diese für die simulationsbasierte Optimierung der Energieeffizienz nutzen zu können und damit eine umfassende Prozessqualität im Hinblick auf den optimalen Energieeinsatz im Produktionsprozess sicherzustellen. Dazu wird ein hybrider Simulationsansatz entwickelt, der verschiedene Simulationsparadigmen in einem Modell kombiniert. Die Hybridisierung von Simulationsmodellen bietet dem Modellersteller eine große Flexibilität bei der Erfassung von Problemen, die sich gleichzeitig auf diskrete und kontinuierliche Strukturen beziehen. Das Simulationsmodell wird dann für Optimierungsexperimente genutzt. Die Grundidee hinter diesem Ansatz ist es, durch mehrere Iterationen, eine optimale Lösung für die zu variierenden Optimierungsparameter zu finden. Die Simulation wird durch die Optimierung gestartet, liefert die Ergebnisdaten und bildet die Grundlage für eine Beurteilung des dynamischen Verhaltens des abgebildeten Produktionssystems. Um die energetischen Aspekte in der Produktion für Optimierungsszenarien zu nutzen, werden lexikographisch geordnete Zielfunktionen abgeleitet, die im Rahmen von simulationsbasierten Optimierungsexperimenten ideale Parameterkonfigurationen für den energieeffizienten Betrieb der Produktion ermitteln. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf der Reduzierung des Energieverbrauchs durch die Vermeidung nicht-wertschöpfender Maschinenzeiten. Die Verbrauchsoptimierung zeigt auf, dass Unternehmen dieser Ressourcenverschwendung durch ein effizientes Schalten der Anlagen entgegenwirken können, ohne finanzielle Investitionen in neue Technologien zu tätigen. Neben der Optimierung des Gesamtenergiebedarfs werden im Rahmen einer Lastspitzen-Optimierung die Maschinenstarts innerhalb eines definierten Zeitraumes so angepasst, dass auftretende Spitzenlasten reduziert werden. Die praktische Anwendung der Methodik zeigt, dass es möglich ist, ein hybrides Simulationsmodel zur Darstellung des Energieverbrauchsverhaltens in der Produktion auf Basis historischer Verbrauchsdaten aufzubauen und in Kombination mit Prognosezahlen auch die zukünftigen Energieverbräuche mit den anstehenden Spitzenlasten und nicht wertschöpfenden Produktionsphasen sehr genau abzubilden.



Wack, Karl-Josef;
Interdisziplinäre Absicherung der Produktionsplanung in der Automobilindustrie. - Ilmenau : Universitätsverlag Ilmenau, 2020. - 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 313 Seiten)
Technische Universität Ilmenau, Dissertation 2019

Die Automobilindustrie ist einer der bedeutendsten Industriezweige in Deutschland, die sich ständig im Spannungsfeld aus Qualität, Produktivität und Kosten bewegt. Der globale Wettbewerb führt zu kürzeren Innovations- sowie Produktzyklen - die Kundenanforderungen zu einer umfangreichen Individualisierbarkeit der Produkte. Die Produktkomplexität eines Automobils ist heutzutage enorm. Eine Komplexität, welche die Produktentwicklung, die Produktionsplanung sowie die Produktion ständig vor neue Herausforderungen stellt und in einem Streben nach Perfektion und kontinuierlicher Verbesserung mündet. Es ist beeindruckend zu durchleben, wie bei einem Produktionsanlauf alle Prozesse integriert werden und bei einer Serienfertigung ca. alle 90 Sekunden ein gefertigtes Fahrzeug vom Band läuft. Um einen effizienten Produktionsanlauf zu gewährleisten, wird dieser im Vorfeld abgesichert. In Bezug auf manuelle Montageumfänge findet dies in der sogenannten Produktionsvorbereitung statt, welche unter Beteiligung verschiedener Planungsbereiche interdisziplinär erfolgt. Die Produktionsvorbereitung ist der Serienentwicklung und Serienvorbereitung zugeordnet. In dieser Phase werden gemäß dem aktuellen Planungsstand physische Prototypen des Produktes stationsweise, mit den dazugehörigen Arbeitsinhalten, aufgebaut. Neben der Verifikation des eigentlichen Produktes dient diese Phase dazu, einen effizienten Produktionsanlauf sicherzustellen. Die Absicherung von Produkt und Produktion ist in der Automobilindustrie sehr gut etabliert und wird frühzeitig angewandt. Neben physischen Absicherungen werden vermehrt virtuelle Absicherungen durch den Einsatz von IT-Systemen und Simulationen eingesetzt. Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Phase der Produktionsvorbereitung und der damit verbundenen Absicherung des Produktionsanlaufs im Hinblick auf manuelle Montageumfänge in der Automobilindustrie. Im Fokus steht hierbei eine virtuelle Absicherung der Produktionsvorbereitung und die Unterstützung der Kollaboration und Dokumentation der interdisziplinären Produktionsvorbereitung.



https://doi.org/10.22032/dbt.41303
Feldkamp, Niclas; Bergmann, Sören; Straßburger, Steffen
Simulation-based deep reinforcement learning for modular production systems. - In: 2020 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), (2020), S. 1596-1607

Modular production systems aim to supersede the traditional line production in the automobile industry. The idea here is that highly customized products can move dynamically and autonomously through a system of flexible workstations without fixed production cycles. This approach has challenging demands regarding planning and organization of such systems. Since each product can define its way through the system freely and individually, implementing rules and heuristics that leverage the flexibility in the system in order to increase performance can be difficult in this dynamic environment. Transport tasks are usually carried out by automated guided vehicles (AGVs). Therefore, integration of AI-based control logics offer a promising alternative to manually implemented decision rules for operating the AGVs. This paper presents an approach for using reinforcement learning (RL) in combination with simulation in order to control AGVs in modular production systems. We present a case study and compare our approach to heuristic rules.



https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC48552.2020.9384089
Wörrlein, Benjamin; Straßburger, Steffen
A method for predicting high-resolution time series using sequence-to-sequence models. - In: 2020 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), (2020), S. 1075-1086

With the increasing availability of data, the desire to interpret that data and use it for behavioral predictions arises. Traditionally, simulation has used data about the real system for input data analysis or within data-driven model generation. Automatically extracting behavioral descriptions from the data and representing it in a simulation model is a challenge of these approaches. Machine learning on the other hand has proven successful to extract knowledge from large data sets and transform it into more useful representations. Combining simulation approaches with methods from machine learning seems therefore promising to combine the strengths of both approaches. Representing some aspects of a real system by a traditional simulation model and others by a model incorporating machine learning, a hybrid system model (HSM) is generated. This paper suggests a specific HSM incorporating a deep learning method for predicting the anticipated power usage of machining jobs.



https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC48552.2020.9383969
Wörrlein, Benjamin; Straßburger, Steffen
On the usage of deep learning for modelling energy consumption in simulation models. - In: Simulation Notes Europe, ISSN 2164-5353, Bd. 30 (2020), 4, S. 165-174

With the increasing availability of data, the desire to interpret that data and use it for behavioral predictions arises. Traditionally, simulation has used data about the real system for input data analysis or within data-driven model generation. Automatically extracting behavioral descriptions from the data and representing it in a simulation model is a challenge for these approaches. Machine learning on the other hand has proven successful in extracting knowledge from large data sets and transforming it into more useful representations. Combining simulation approaches with methods from machine learning seems, therefore, promising. Representing some aspects of a real system by a traditional simulation model and others by a model generated from machine learning, a hybrid system model (HSM) is generated. This paper discusses such HSMs and suggests a specific HSM incorporating a deep learning method for predicting the power consumption of machining jobs.



https://doi.org/10.11128/sne.30.tn.10536
Feldkamp, Niclas; Bergmann, Sören; Straßburger, Steffen
Knowledge discovery in simulation data. - In: ACM transactions on modeling and computer simulation, ISSN 1558-1195, Bd. 30 (2020), 4, S. 24:1-24:25

This article provides a comprehensive and in-depth overview of our work on knowledge discovery in simulations. Application-wise, we focus on manufacturing simulations. Specifically, we propose and discuss a methodology for designing, executing, and analyzing large-scale simulation experiments with a broad coverage of possible system behavior targeted at generating knowledge about the system. Based on the concept of data farming, we suggest a two-phase process which starts with a data generation phase, in which a smart experiment design is used to set up and efficiently execute a large number of simulation experiments. In the second phase, the knowledge discovery phase, data mining and visually aided analysis methods are applied on the gathered simulation input and output data. This article gives insights into this knowledge discovery phase by discussing different machine learning approaches and their suitability for different manufacturing simulation problems. With this, we provide guidelines on how to conduct knowledge discovery studies within the manufacturing simulation context. We also introduce different case studies, both academic and applied, and use them to validate our methodology.



https://doi.org/10.1145/3391299
Wörrlein, Benjamin; Straßburger, Steffen
Sequence to Sequence Modelle zur hochaufgelösten Prädiktion von Stromverbrauch. - In: Proceedings ASIM SST 2020, (2020), S. 149-157

Modelling power consumption for jobs on a ma-chine tool is commonly performed by measuring the real power consumption of comparable jobs and machines. The so gathered data is then processed to represent the time-av-eraged sums of power consumptions of previous jobs. These values of power consumption are then used for upcoming comparable jobs. This approach allows for no high-resolution prediction of power consumption and further presumes static processing times of jobs. Here we propose a new approach to model power consumption that incorporates a Sequence-to-Sequence model, which generates time series according to dynamic data, that describes a numerical control code and environment settings such as state of tools, etc.



https://doi.org/10.11128/arep.59.a59021
Hafner, Anke; Weißenfels, Stefan; Straßburger, Steffen
Concept for the comparison of intralogistics designs with real factory layout using augmented reality, SLAM and marker-based tracking. - In: 53rd CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems 2020, (2020), S. 341-346

In the automotive industry, the intralogistics planning faces the problem of matching the planning data with the current conditions in the assembly hall. The large variety of parts leads to a constantly changing production. Based on this, we establish an approach for the comparison using augmented reality (AR) and simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). The use of SLAM enables the consistent application of AR in an assembly hall. Based on this, the objective of this article is to visualize 3D objects from the corresponding CAD planning tool in the real factory and thus the comparison of the intralogistics design with the real factory is possible due to AR. Nevertheless, there was a lack of practical implementations in intralogistics and therefore the concept is evaluated by two prototypical solutions. The first one is implemented on an iPhone 7 using SLAM. The second prototype is developed on a HoloLens 2 and is based on a hybrid tracking solution, SLAM and marker tracking.



https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2020.03.039
Bergmann, Sören; Feldkamp, Niclas; Conrad, Florian; Straßburger, Steffen
A method for robustness optimization using generative adversarial networks. - In: SIGSIM-PADS '20, (2020), S. 1-10

This paper presents an approach for optimizing the robustness of production and logistic systems based on deep generative models, a special method of deep learning. Robustness here refers to setting controllable factors of a system in such a way that variance in the uncontrollable factors (noise) has a minimal effect on given output parameters. In a case study, the proposed method is tested and compared to a traditional method for robustness analysis. The basic idea is to use deep neural networks to generate data for experiment plans and rate them by use of a simulation model of the production system. We propose to use two Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to generate optimized experiment plans for the decision factors and the noise factors, respectively, in a competitive, turn-based game. In one turn, the controllable factors are optimized and the noise remains constant, and vice versa in the next turn. For the calculations of the robustness, the planned experiments are conducted and rated using a simulation model in each learning step.



https://doi.org/10.1145/3384441.3395981
Bergmann, Sören; Straßburger, Steffen
Automatische Modellgenerierung - Stand, Klassifizierung und ein Anwendungsbeispiel. - In: Ablaufsimulation in der Automobilindustrie, (2020), S. 333-347

Die automatische Modellgenerierung (AMG) ist ein Ansatz, der darauf abzielt, sowohl die Aufwände einer Simulationsstudie zu senken als auch die Qualität der erzeugten Modelle zu verbessern. Unter automatischer Modellgenerierung werden im Kontext der Simulation verschiedene Ansätze subsumiert, die es erlauben, Simulationsmodelle oder zumindest Teile von Simulationsmodellen mittels Algorithmen zu erzeugen. Eine umfassende Klassifizierung der Ansätze nach verschiedenen Merkmalen ist Ausgangspunkt weiterer Betrachtungen des Beitrags, in denen u. a. verschiedene technische Ansätze zur Modellgenerierung diskutiert werden. Weiterhin werden ergänzende Techniken, die die eigentliche Modellgenerierung flankierenden, wie z. B. die automatische Modellinitialisierung, diskutiert. Als ein möglicher Lösungsansatz wird beispielhaft ein Framework zur automatischen Modellgenerierung, -initialisierung und -adaption, welches das standardisierte Core Manufacturing Simulation Data (CMSD) Format als Basis nutzt, beschrieben.



https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-59388-2_23
Feldkamp, Niclas;
Wissensentdeckung im Kontext der Produktionssimulation. - Ilmenau : Universitätsverlag Ilmenau, 2020. - 1 Online-Ressource (XII, 217, XIV-XX Seiten)
Technische Universität Ilmenau, Dissertation 2019

Die diskrete Simulation stellt eine wichtige und etablierte Methode zur Untersuchung des dynamischen Verhaltens von komplexen Produktions- und Logistiksystemen dar. Sie ist daher zur Planung, Steuerung und Kontrolle solcher Systeme unerlässlich, beispielsweise in der Automobilindustrie oder in der Halbleiterfertigung. Klassische Simulationsstudien zielen in diesem Kontext üblicherweise darauf ab, typische, vorab definierte Fragestellungen zu beantworten. Dies geht oftmals einher mit der Simulation und Analyse einiger weniger vorab definierter Szenarien. Wirkzusammenhänge, die über diesen definierten Projektrahmen hinausgehen, bleiben daher eventuell unentdeckt. Auf der anderen Seite erwachsen mit steigender Rechenleistung und der allgemeinen Verfügbarkeit von Big-Data-Infrastrukturen neue Möglichkeiten zur Durchführung von sehr großen Bandbreiten von Simulationsexperimenten, um das Verhalten des Modells möglichst vollständig abzudecken und automatisiert auszuwerten. Dies wird allgemein als Data Farming bezeichnet. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Methode des Data Farming für die Nutzung zur Wissensentdeckung in Produktionssimulationen zu übertragen und weiterzuentwickeln. Dazu wurde ein ganzheitliches Konzept ausgearbeitet, um unbekannte, versteckte und potenziell nützliche Wirkzusammenhänge in großen Mengen von Simulationsdaten entdecken zu können. Das Konzept beinhaltet hierzu die Auswahl geeigneter Experimentdesignmethoden, die Anwendung und Ausgestaltung von geeigneten Data-Mining-Verfahren in einem dafür zweckmäßigen und zielgerichteten Analyseprozess sowie die Definition geeigneter Visualisierungs- und Interaktionsmethoden zur iterativen, anwenderorientierten Analyse großer Mengen von Simulationsdaten. Darüber hinaus wurde das Konzept in einem ganzheitlichen Softwareframework prototypisch implementiert. Die Anwendbarkeit des Konzeptes wurde anhand von vier Fallstudien aufgezeigt und validiert. Die Fallstudien beinhalteten hierbei zwei akademische Laborstudien sowie zwei Industrieanwendungsfälle.



https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_00040526
Feldkamp, Niclas; Bergmann, Sören; Straßburger, Steffen; Schulze, Thomas
Visualization and interaction for knowledge discovery in simulation data. - In: Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences 2020, (2020), S. 1340-1349

Discrete-event simulation is an established and popular technology for investigating the dynamic behavior of complex manufacturing and logistics systems. Besides traditional simulation studies that focus on single model aspects, data farming describes an approach for using the simulation model as a data generator for broad scale experimentation with a broader coverage of the system behavior. On top of that we developed a process called knowledge discovery in simulation data that enhances the data farming concept by using data mining methods for the data analysis. In order to uncover patterns and causal relationships in the model, a visually guided analysis then enables an exploratory data analysis. While our previous work mainly focused on the application of suitable data mining methods, we address suitable visualization and interaction methods in this paper. We present those in a conceptual framework followed by an exemplary demonstration in an academic case study.



https://doi.org/10.24251/HICSS.2020.165
Römer, Anna Carina; Straßburger, Steffen
Hybrid system modeling approach for the depiction of the energy consumption in production simulations. - In: 2019 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), (2019), S. 1366-1377

In many industrial manufacturing companies, energy has become a major cost factor. Energy aspects are included in the decision-making system of production planning and control to reduce manufacturing costs. For this priority, the simulation of production processes requires not only the consideration of logistical and technical production factors but also the integration of time-dependent energy flows which are continuous in nature. A hybrid simulation, using a continuous approach to depict the energy demand of production processes in combination with a discrete approach to map the material flows and logistic processes, shows the complex interactions between material flow and energy usage in production closer to reality. This paper presents a hybrid simulation approach combining System Dynamics, Discrete-Event and Agent-Based Simulation for energy efficiency analysis in production, considering the energy consumption in the context of planning and scheduling operations and applying it to a use-case scenario of mechanical processing of die-cast parts.



https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC40007.2019.9004772
Bell, David; Groen, Derek; Mustafee, Navonil; Ozik, Jonathan; Straßburger, Steffen
Hybrid simulation development - is it just analytics?. - In: 2019 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), (2019), S. 1352-1365
Richtiger Name des 5. Verfassers: Steffen Straßburger

Hybrid simulations can take many forms, often connecting a diverse range of hardware and software components with heterogeneous data sets. The scale of examples is also diverse with both the high-performance computing community using high-performance dataanalytics (HPDA) to the synthesis of software libraries or packages on a single machine. Hybrid simulation configuration and output analysis is often akin to analytics with a range of dashboards, machine learning, data aggregations and graphical representation. Underpinning the visual elements are hardware, software and data architectures that execute hybrid simulation code. These are wide ranging with few generalized blueprints, methods or patterns of development. This panel will discuss a range of hybrid simulation development approaches and endeavor to uncover possible strategies for supporting the development and coupling of hybrid simulations.



https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC40007.2019.9004923
Feldkamp, Niclas; Bergmann, Sören; Straßburger, Steffen
Modelling and simulation of modular production systems :
Modellierung und Simulation von modularen Produktionssystemen. - In: Simulation in Produktion und Logistik 2019, (2019), S. 391-401

Modular production systems aim to supersede the traditional line production in the automobile industry. The idea here is that highly customized products can move dynamically and autonomously through a system of flexible workstations without fixed production cycles. This approach has challenging demands regarding planning and organization of such systems. The use of modelling and simulation methods is therefore indispensable. This paper presents simulation approaches for modelling modular production systems and discusses a comparison between an agent-based and a process-oriented implementation of an example model.



Wörrlein, Benjamin; Bergmann, Sören; Feldkamp, Niclas; Straßburger, Steffen
Deep learning based prediction of energy consumption for hybrid simulation :
Deep-Learning-basierte Prognose von Stromverbrauch für die hybride Simulation. - In: Simulation in Produktion und Logistik 2019, (2019), S. 121-131

Modern production facilities need to prepare for changing market conditions within the energy market due to ongoing implementation of governmental policies. This results in higher volatility of the availability of energy and therefore energy costs. If a simulation model of a machinery model can estimate its own future consumption, and according time frames for said consumption, this information could be used for optimized scheduling of energy consuming jobs. This would result in lower procurement costs. To make said estimation about the dynamic behaviour of jobs, methods of time series prediction tend to be applied. Here a proposal is made to apply a Hybrid System Model incorporating a recurrent neural network (RNN)-Encoder-Decoder-Architecture, which returns a discrete times series when a behavioural sequence (such as an NC-Code) has been put into a neural net model of the respective machinery. Those discrete time series reflect the machines energy consumption for each job that it has been operated on. This neural net, if weighted and called, emits the length value of a job and an according time series which displays the quasi-continuous time consumption of said job. Such generative models combined with classic simulation paradigm qualify as potent applications of hybrid simulation approaches.



Bergmann, Sören; Feldkamp, Niclas; Straßburger, Steffen
Knowledge discovery and robustness analysis for simulation models of global networks :
Wissensentdeckung und Robustheitsanalyse für Simulationsmodelle weltweiter Netze, (2019), S. 64-76
http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2397/paper9.pdf
Hafner, Anke; Straßburger, Steffen
Augmented Reality in intralogistics planning of the automotive industry. - In: 2019 IEEE 6th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Applications, (2019), S. 203-208

This article investigates Augmented Reality (AR) as a potential tool to support intralogistics planning in the automotive industry. Starting with a literature review and an investigation of the dissemination of AR usage in logistics in general, we analyze potential reasons for the apparent lack of AR applications in intralogistics planning. From this, we derive requirements for a successful application of AR in intralogistics planning and demonstrate a prototypical solution implemented within the Daimler AG. Based on this example, we further discuss the advantages of applying AR to intralogistics planning.



https://doi.org/10.1109/IEA.2019.8714848
Schulte, Julian; Feldkamp, Niclas; Bergmann, Sören; Nissen, Volker
Knowledge discovery in scheduling systems using evolutionary bilevel optimization and visual analytics. - In: Evolutionary multi-criterion optimization, (2019), S. 439-450

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12598-1_35
Straßburger, Steffen;
On the role of simulation and simulation standards in Industry 4.0. - Ilmenau : Universitätsbibliothek. - 1 Online-Ressource (12 Seiten)Publikation entstand im Rahmen der Veranstaltung: 2019 Simulation Innovation Workshop (SIW), February 11-15, 2019, Florida Hotel & Conference Center at the Florida Mall, Orlando, FL., Paper 2019-SIW-06

This article introduces the concepts and ideas behind Industry 4.0 and discusses the role of simulation and simulation standards for implementing it. We argue that the success of Industry 4.0 highly depends on the success of interconnected cyber-physical systems (CPS) which can only be implemented with up-front simulation. This up-front simulation and development of CPS is often associated with the term of building the "digital twin" for the respective CPS. Digital twins are typically defined as digital representations which represent the real system and its current state in a digital model. For investigating their dynamic behavior, digital twins must have properties typically associated with simulation models. In this article, we discuss requirements and potential solutions for the successful implementation of digital twins as well as the implications that this has on simulation standards. As an example, digital twins as representations of a CPS will have the need to communicate with other digital twins; hence a modular approach for building federations of digital twins is needed. Beyond that, also a need for standardized communication between the digital twin and the real CPS arises. The article will therefore discuss currently available interoperability standards, like the High Level Architecture (HLA) on the simulation side, and Open Platform Communications (OPC) Unified Architecture (OPC UA) on the control hardware side and how well they match the requirements that Industry 4.0 with its CPSs and digital twins imposes. The article also includes our opinion on the need for the future evolvement of existing standards.



https://doi.org/10.22032/dbt.38300
Feldkamp, Niclas; Bergmann, Sören; Straßburger, Steffen; Borsch, Erik; Richter, Magnus; Souren, Rainer
Combining data farming and data envelopment analysis for measuring productive efficiency in manufacturing simulations. - In: Simulation for a noble cause, (2018), S. 1440-1451

Discrete event simulation is an established methodology for investigating the dynamic behavior of complex manufacturing and logistics systems. In addition to traditional simulation studies, the concept of data farming and knowledge discovery in simulation data is a current research topic that consist of broad scale experimentation and data mining assisted analysis of massive simulation output data. While most of the current research aims to investigate key drivers of production performance, in this paper we propose a methodology for investigating productive efficiency. We therefore developed a concept of combining our existing approach of data farming and visual analytics with data envelopment analysis (DEA), which is used to investigate efficiency in operations research and economics. With this combination of concepts, we are not only able to determine key factors and interactions that drive productive efficiency in the modeled manufacturing system, but also to identify the most productive settings.



https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2018.8632300
Schulze, Thomas; Feldkamp, Niclas; Bergmann, Sören; Straßburger, Steffen
Data Farming und simulationsbasierte Robustheitsanalyse für Fertigungssysteme. - In: ASIM 2018 - 24. Symposium Simulationstechnik, (2018), S. 243-252

Diskrete Simulation ist eine etablierte Methodik zur Untersuchung des dynamischen Verhaltens von komplexen Fertigungs- und Logistiksystemen. Konventionelle Simulationsstudien fokussieren auf einzelne Modellaspekte und spezifische Analysefragen. Der Umfang der ausgeführten Szenarien ist häufig gering. Das Konzept des Data-Farming verwendet das Simulationsmodell als Datengenerator für eine breite Skale von Experimenten und ermöglicht unter Nutzung von Data-Mining-Methoden eine wesentlich breitere Untersuchung des simulierten Systems sowie eine höhere Komplexität in den abgeleiteten Erkenntnissen. Anforderungen an Simulationssysteme und -modelle zur Durchführung von Data-Farming werden erläutert. Eine Erweiterung des Ansatzes ist die simulationsbasierte Robustheitsanalyse auf der Basis von Verlustfunktionen nach Taguchi. Beide Vorgehensweisen werden an einer Fallstudie aus dem Fahrzeugbau demonstriert.



Römer, Anna Carina; Rückbrod, Martina; Straßburger, Steffen
Eignung kombinierter Simulation zur Darstellung energetischer Aspekte in der Produktionssimulation. - In: ASIM 2018 - 24. Symposium Simulationstechnik, (2018), S. 73-80

In vielen produzierenden Unternehmen ist Energie ein wesentlicher Kostenfaktor. Energieaspekte werden deshalb in das Entscheidungssystem der Produktionsplanung und -steuerung einbezogen, um die Herstellungskosten zu senken. Die Simulation von Produktionsprozessen erfordert neben der Berücksichtigung technischer und logistischer Produktionsfaktoren auch die Integration von kontinuierlichen Energieverbräuchen. Da Fertigungssysteme im Allgemeinen in diskreten Simulationsmodellen beschrieben werden, könnte ein Ansatz, der die beiden Systemdynamiken kombiniert, vorteilhaft sein. Die kombinierte Simulation nutzt einen kontinuierlichen Simulationsansatz zur Abbildung des Energiebedarfs relevanter Produktionsprozesse und kombiniert diesen mit einem diskreten Simulationsansatz zur Abbildung von Material- und Logistikprozessen. Durch die Zusammenführung der Modelle können die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Materialfluss und Energieverbrauch in der Produktion realitätsnäher simuliert werden.



Schulte, Julian; Feldkamp, Niclas; Bergmann, Sören; Nissen, Volker
Bilevel innovization: knowledge discovery in scheduling systems using evolutionary bilevel optimization and visual analytics. - In: GECCO'18 companion, ISBN 978-1-4503-5764-7, (2018), S. 197-198

https://doi.org/10.1145/3205651.3205726
Feldkamp, Niclas; Bergmann, Sören; Straßburger, Steffen
Online analysis of simulation data with stream-based data mining. - In: SIGSIM-PADS'17, (2017), S. 241-248

https://doi.org/10.1145/3064911.3064915
Feldkamp, Niclas; Bergmann, Sören; Straßburger, Steffen; Schulze, Thomas; Akondi, Praneeth; Lemessi, Marco
Knowledge discovery in simulation data - a case study for a backhoe assembly line. - In: WSC'17, ISBN 978-1-5386-3428-8, (2017), S. 4456-4458

Discrete event simulation is an established and popular technology for investigating the dynamic behavior of complex manufacturing and logistics systems. Besides conventional simulation studies that focus on single model aspects answering project specific analysis questions, new methods of broad scale experiment design and system analysis emerge alongside new developments of computational power and data processing. This enables to investigate the bandwidth of possible system behavior in a more in-depth way. In this work we applied our previously developed methodology of knowledge discovery in simulation data onto an industrial case study for a backhoe loader manufacturing facility.



https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2017.8248162
Feldkamp, Niclas; Bergmann, Sören; Straßburger, Steffen; Schulze, Thomas
Knowledge discovery and robustness analysis in manufacturing simulations. - In: WSC'17, ISBN 978-1-5386-3428-8, (2017), S. 3952-3963

Discrete event simulation is an established methodology for investigating the dynamic behavior of complex manufacturing and logistics systems. Traditionally, simulation experts conduct experiments for predetermined system specifications focusing on single model aspects and specific analysis questions. In addition to that, the concept of data farming and knowledge discovery is an ongoing research issue that consists of broad scale experimentation and data mining assisted analysis of massive simulation output data. As an extension to this approach, we propose a concept for investigating the robustness of complex manufacturing and logistic systems which are often very sensitive to variation and noise. Based on Taguchis loss function, we developed a concept including data farming and visual analytics methodologies to investigate sources of variation in a model and the factor values that make a configuration robust. The concept is demonstrated on an exemplary case study model.



https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2017.8248105
Feldkamp, Niclas; Bergmann, Sören; Straßburger, Steffen; Schulze, Thomas
Data farming for production and logistics :
Data Farming im Kontext von Produktion und Logistik. - In: Simulation in Produktion und Logistik 2017, ISBN 978-3-7376-0192-4, (2017), S. 169-178

Simulation is an established methodology for planning and evaluating manufacturing and logistics systems. Usually simulations experts conduct experiments for a prior defined goal and by minimizing the number of simulation runs. In contrast to that, data farming describes an approach for using the simulation model as a data generator for broad scale experimentation with a broader coverage of system behaviour. This paper demonstrates how to apply data farming methodologies on simulation models in the context of production and logistics and how to analyse massive amounts of simulation data using data mining and visual analytics.



Bergmann, Sören; Feldkamp, Niclas; Straßburger, Steffen
Emulation of control strategies through machine learning in manufacturing simulations. - In: Journal of simulation, ISSN 1747-7786, Bd. 11 (2017), 1, S. 38-50

Discrete-event simulation is a well-accepted method for planning, evaluating, and monitoring processes in production and logistics. To reduce time and effort spent on creating simulation models, automatic simulation model generation is an important area in modeling methodology research. When automatically generating a simulation model from existing data sources, the correct reproduction of dynamic behavior of the modeled system is a common challenge. One example is the representation of dispatching and scheduling strategies of production jobs. When generating a model automatically, the underlying rules for these strategies are typically unknown but yet have to be adequately emulated. In this paper, we summarize our work investigating the suitability of various data mining and supervised machine learning methods for emulating job scheduling decisions based on data obtained from production data acquisition. We report on the performance of the algorithms and give recommendations for their application, including suggestions for their integration in simulation systems.



http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41273-016-0006-0
Feldkamp, Niclas; Bergmann, Sören; Straßburger, Steffen; Schulze, Thomas
Knowledge discovery in simulation data: a case study of a gold mining facility. - In: Simulating complex service systems, ISBN 978-1-5090-4486-3, (2016), S. 1607-1618

Discrete event simulation is an established methodology for investigating the dynamic behavior of complex systems. Apart from conventional simulation studies, which focus on single model aspects and answering specific analysis questions, new methods of broad scale experiment design and analysis emerge in alignment with new possibilities of computation and data processing. This paper outlines a visually aided process for knowledge discovery in simulation data which is applied onto a real world case study of a mining facility in Western Australia.



https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2016.7822210
Römer, Anna Carina; Straßburger, Steffen
A review of literature on simulation-based optimization of the energy efficiency in production. - In: Simulating complex service systems, ISBN 978-1-5090-4486-3, (2016), S. 1416-1427

Due to rising resource prices, the sustained use of energy has become a basic requirement for manufacturing companies to competitively perform on the market. Designing production processes therefore not only requires the consideration of logistical and technical production conditions but also the consistent optimization of resource consumption. As simulation technology has become a common tool for assessing dynamic production processes, the consideration of energy-related issues in this context is becoming a more frequent subject. The aim of this literature research is to summarize the current state-of-the-art in the field of energy management in production and its adjacent disciplines as well as to identify future research priorities for the simulation-based optimization of energy aspects. The accomplishment of this objective requires a methodological review focusing on the multidisciplinary combination of simulation technologies, including hybrid simulation, the integration of mathematical optimization approaches, and the domain-specific knowledge of energy-related subjects in production systems.



https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2016.7822194
Feldkamp, Niclas; Bergmann, Sören; Straßburger, Steffen
Innovative Analyse- und Visualisierungsmethoden für Simulationsdaten. - In: , (2016), S. 1737-1748

https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:ilm1-2016100035
Bergmann, Sören; Feldkamp, Niclas; Straßburger, Steffen
Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten selbst-adaptierender Simulationsmodelle. - In: , (2016), S. 1713-1724

https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:ilm1-2016100035
Nissen, Volker; Stelzer, Dirk; Straßburger, Steffen; Fischer, Daniel
Multikonferenz Wirtschaftsinformatik (MKWI) 2016 : Technische Universität Ilmenau, 09. - 11. März 2016. - Ilmenau : Universitätsverlag Ilmenau
http://www.db-thueringen.de/servlets/DocumentServlet?id=27211
Bergmann, Sören; Feldkamp, Niclas; Straßburger, Steffen
Approximation of dispatching rules for manufacturing simulation using data mining methods. - In: Proceedings of the 2015 Winter Simulation Conference, ISBN 978-1-4673-9743-8, (2015), S. 2329-2340

Discrete-event simulation is a well-accepted method for planning, evaluating, and monitoring processes in production and logistics contexts. In order to reduce time and effort spent on creating the simulation model, automatic simulation model generation is an important area in modeling methodology research. When automatically generating a simulation model from existing data sources, the correct reproduction of the dynamic behavior of the modelled system is a common challenge. One example is the representation of dispatching and scheduling strategies of production jobs. When generating a model automatically, the underlying rules for these strategies are typically unknown but yet have to be adequately emulated. In previous work, we presented an approach to approximate the behavior through artificial neural networks. In this paper, we investigate the suitability of various other data mining and supervised machine learning methods for emulating job scheduling decisions with data obtained from production data acquisition.



http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2015.7408344
Straßburger, Steffen;
HLA-based optimistic synchronization with SLX. - In: Proceedings of the 2015 Winter Simulation Conference, ISBN 978-1-4673-9743-8, (2015), S. 1717-1728

The High Level Architecture for Modeling and Simulation (HLA) comes with the promise of facilitating interoperability between a wide variety of simulation systems. HLA's time management offers a unique support for heterogeneous time advancement schemes and differentiates HLA from other general interoperability standards. While it has been shown that HLA is applicable for connecting commercial off-the-shelf simulation packages (CSPs), the usage of HLA time management in this application area is virtually always limited to conservative synchronization. In this paper, we investigate HLA's capabilities concerning optimistic synchronization. For the first time, we show its use in combination with a commercial-off-the-shelf simulation package (CSP), namely the simulation system SLX. We report on implementation details, performance results, and potential limitations in the current HLA 1516.1-2010 standard and its interpretation by runtime infrastructure (RTI) software vendors.



http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2015.7408290
Feldkamp, Niclas; Bergmann, Sören; Straßburger, Steffen
Visual analytics of manufacturing simulation data. - In: Proceedings of the 2015 Winter Simulation Conference, ISBN 978-1-4673-9743-8, (2015), S. 779-790

Discrete event simulation is an accepted technology for investigating the dynamic behavior of complex manufacturing systems. Visualizations created within simulation studies often focus on the animation of the dynamic processes of a single simulation run, supplemented with graphs of certain performance indicators obtained from replications of a simulation run or a few manually conducted simulation experiments. This paper suggests a much broader visually aided analysis of simulation input and output data and their relations than it is commonly applied today. Inspired from the idea of visual analytics, we suggest the application of data farming approaches for obtaining datasets of a much broader spectrum of combinations of input and output data. These datasets are then processed by data mining methods and visually analyzed by the simulation experts. This process can uncover causal relationships in the model behavior that were previously not known, leading to a better understanding of the systems behavior.



http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2015.7408215
Straßburger, Steffen;
Optimistic synchronization in the HLA 1516.1-2010: interoperably challenged. - Ilmenau : Univ.-Bibliothek. - Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 9 S.)Druck-Ausgabe: Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop (2015 Fall SIW) : Orlando, Florida, USA, 31 August-4 September 2015 / SISO - Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization. - Red Hook, NY : Curran Associates, Inc., 2016. - Seite 167-175

Time Management can be considered as one of the key achievements of the High Level Architecture for Modeling and Simulation (HLA). While HLA's time management is supposed to offer a unique support for heterogeneous time advancement schemes, its practical use is often limited to conservative time advancement (e.g. using services such as nextMessageRequest/nextMessageRequestAvailable) or time stepped time advancement (e.g. using services such as timeAdvanceRequest/timeAdvanceRequestAvailable). In this paper, we investigate HLA's capabilities for supporting optimistic time advancement and the interoperability between optimistic and conservative federates. The results are strikingly disappointing. While HLA had initially taken off with the noble vision of federations including both optimistic and conservative federates within a single federation execution, the current implementations of two leading RTI vendors fall short of achieving this objective. Neither do they enable the efficient execution of federations consisting of purely optimistically synchronized federates nor do they facilitate interoperability between optimistic and conservative federates. This paper documents the observed problems and discusses potential limitations in the IEEE HLA 1516.1-2010 specification and its interpretation by RTI vendors.



http://www.db-thueringen.de/servlets/DocumentServlet?id=26815
Bergmann, Sören; Straßburger, Steffen
On the use of the Core Manufacturing Simulation Data (CMSD) standard: experiences and recommendations. - Ilmenau : Univ.-Bibliothek. - Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 11 S.)Druck-Ausgabe: Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop (2015 Fall SIW) : Orlando, Florida, USA, 31 August-4 September 2015 / SISO - Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization. - Red Hook, NY : Curran Associates, Inc., 2016. - Seite 119-129

The Core Manufacturing Simulation Data (CMSD) information model is defined by SISO standards SISO-STD-008-01-2012 and SISO-STD-008-2010. The main objective of CMSD is to facilitate interoperability between simulation systems and other information systems in the manufacturing domain. While CMSD is mainly intended as standardized data exchange format, its capabilities go beyond simple data exchange. Frequently CMSD based system descriptions are used for purposes of automatic simulation model generation. In this paper, we report on practical experiences using the CMSD standard for such purposes as well as for purposes of simulation model initialization and simulation output data collection. Based on our experiences we suggest potential enhancements for a future revision of the standard.



http://www.db-thueringen.de/servlets/DocumentServlet?id=26816
Bergmann, Sören; Feldkamp, Niclas; Hinze, Ulrich; Straßburger, Steffen
Emulation of control strategies through machine learning in manufacturing simulations :
Abbildung von Steuerungslogiken durch maschinelles Lernen für die Simulation von Produktionssystemen. - In: Simulation in production and logistics 2015, (2015), S. 481-490

In the context of discrete-event simulation of production and logistics systems, modelling an exact representation of the real system is needed for obtaining sound and reliable results. The automatic generation of simulation models is an approach for saving time and effort for creating models and, therefore, it is a recurring issue in modelling methodology research. In automatic model generation, the approximation of dynamic behaviour is a challenging problem. This is for example the case when the dispatching and scheduling of production jobs needs to be adequately emulated, but the underlying rules are unknown. In previous work, we presented an approach for approximating dynamic behaviour through artificial neural networks. In this paper, we propose an improved approach and investigate its suitability again with artificial neuronal networks as well as with other data mining and supervised machine learning methods.



Feldkamp, Niclas; Bergmann, Sören; Bergmann, Sören *1979-*; Straßburger, Steffen;
Knowledge discovery in manufacturing simulations. - In: SIGSIM PADS'15, ISBN 978-1-4503-3565-2, (2015), S. 3-12

Discrete event simulation studies in a manufacturing context are a powerful instrument when modeling and evaluating processes of various industries. Usually simulation experts conduct simulation experiments for a predetermined system specification by manually varying parameters through educated assumptions and according to a prior defined goal. Moreover, simulation experts try to reduce complexity and number of simulation runs by excluding parameters that they consider as not influential regarding the simulation project scope. On the other hand, today's world of big data technology enables us to handle huge amounts of data. We therefore investigate the potential benefits of designing large scale experiments with a much broader coverage of possible system behavior. In this paper, we propose an approach for applying data mining methods on simulation data in combination with suitable visualization methods in order to uncover relationships in model behavior to discover knowledge that otherwise would have remained hidden. For a prototypical demonstration we used a clustering algorithm to divide large amounts of simulation output datasets into groups of similar performance values and depict those groups through visualizations to conduct a visual investigation process of the simulation data.



Straßburger, Steffen;
Towards HLA-based optimistic synchronization with CSPs. - In: SIGSIM PADS'15, ISBN 978-1-4503-3565-2, (2015), S. 97-98

The High Level Architecture for Modeling and Simulation (HLA) comes with the promise of facilitating interoperability between a wide variety of simulation systems. HLA's time management offers a unique support for heterogeneous time advancement schemes and differentiates HLA from other general interoperability standards. While it has been shown that HLA is applicable for connecting commercial off-the-shelf simulation packages (CSPs), the usage of HLA time management in this specific application area is virtually always limited to conservative synchronization. In this paper, we investigate HLA's capabilities concerning optimistic synchronization and the imposed requirements on CSPs. For the first time, we outline its use in combination with a CSP, namely the Simulation Language with Extensibility (SLX). We report on initial performance results and potential limitations in the current HLA 1516.1-2010 standard and its interpretation by RTI vendors.



Feldkamp, Niclas; Straßburger, Steffen;
Automatic generation of route networks for microscopic traffic simulations. - In: Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), 2014, ISBN 978-1-4799-7487-0, (2014), S. 2848-2859

Microscopic traffic simulation is a well-accepted simulation approach for simulation problems where the effects of individual driver behavior and/or vehicle interactions need to be taken into account at a fairly detailed level. Such problems include the optimization of traffic light controls patterns or the design of lane layouts at intersections. Such simulation models typically require very detailed and accurate models of the underlying road networks. The manual creation of such networks constitutes a high effort, limiting the simulated area in practical applications to the absolutely necessary. With the increased availability of satellite based geographical data we investigate, if and how such data can be automatically transformed into route networks with adequate level of detail for microscopic traffic simulation models. We further outline the design of data structures for an extensible simulation framework for microscopic traffic simulation which is capable of including different types of publically available data sources.



http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2014.7020126
Bergmann, Sören; Parzefall, Florian; Straßburger, Steffen
Webbasierte Animation von Simulationsläufen auf Basis des Core Manufacturing Simulation Data (CMSD) Standards. - In: ASIM 2014, 22. Symposium Simulationstechnik, 3. bis 5. September 2014, HTW Berlin; Tagungsband, (2014), S. 63-70

Animation von Simulationsläufen ist für viele Anwendungen ein nicht zu unterschätzendes Hilfsmittel. Die Nutzungsmöglichkeiten sind hierbei mannigfaltig, sie reichen von der Validierung der Modelle bis hin zur Ergebnispräsentation von Simulationsstudien. Dem Nutzen steht mitunter aber auch ein nicht zu unterschätzender Aufwand gegenüber, gerade im Kontext der automatischen webbasierten Simulation sind oft geeignete Animationen nicht verfügbar. Im Rahmen dieses Papers wird ein Ansatz vorgestellt, welcher ein bestehendes Framework zur automatischen Modellgenerierung, -initialisierung und Simulationsdurchführung inklusive Ergebnisauswertung auf Basis des Core Manufacturing Simulation Data (CMSD) Standards um die Möglichkeit der vollständig automatischen webbasierten Animation erweitert. Hierzu wird neben der Diskussion der Grundlagen der Animation das bestehende Framework und der dem Framework zugrunde liegende CMSD-Standard vorgestellt. Des Weiteren werden verschiedene Implementierungstechnologien vom Streamen von Videos über das Nutzen von Plug-Ins wie Flash oder Java Applets bis hin zu modernen Techniken wie HTML 5, CSS3 und JavaScript kritisch beleuchtet. Abschließend wird eine prototypische Implementierung mittels HTML 5 Canvas und den JavaScript Frameworks JQuery und KineticJS vorgestellt.



Meyer, Torben;
Wirtschaftliche Erstellung von Emulationsmodellen für die virtuelle Inbetriebnahme. - Berlin : Logos-Verl., 2014. - XX, 185 S.. - (AutoUni-Schriftenreihe ; Bd. 53) : Zugl.: Ilmenau, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2014
ISBN 978-3-8325-3574-2

Die industriellen Branchen waren in den letzten Jahren geprägt von einem zunehmenden Wettbewerbsdruck, der seinen Ursprung in der Transformation von einem Verkäufer- zu einem Käufermarkt und der intensivierten Globalisierung hat. Als Maßnahmen wurde branchenübergreifend mit einer Diversifizierung der Produktpalette (u. a. durch eine Erhöhung der Variantenvielfalt) und verkürzten Produktlebenszyklen reagiert. Zur Unterstützung der damit verbundenen erhöhten Anzahl an Produktionsanläufen und Anlageninbetriebnahmen wurde die "Virtuelle Inbetriebnahme" erdacht, welche auch der Reduzierung des Risikofaktors Steuerungssoftware diente. Die Methode Emulation ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil der aufwandsintensiven Modellerstellung für die "Virtuelle Inbetriebnahme". Die Methoden zur wirtschaftlichen Erstellung von Emulationsmodellen setzten an dem Punkt der aufwandsintensiven Modellerstellung an. Im Kontext der Modellgenerierung wird hier neben der Möglichkeit einer datengetriebenen Modellgenerierung aus Planungssystemen der Digitalen Fabrik auch die durchgängige Nutzung des technischen Systems aus existierenden Planungsmodellen diskutiert. Außerdem wird die Transformation eines Simulations- in ein Emulationsmodell vorgestellt und die vollkommende Neumodellierung als Alternative angeboten. Die vorgestellten Möglichkeiten setzten dabei auf einem Rahmenwerk zur Emulation auf, welches neben einer Modellierungsrichtlinie auch einen Vorschlag zum nachhaltigen Aufbau von Emulationsmodellen enthält. Darüber hinaus wird ein Konzept erörtert, wie sich die Anlagensimulation einer VIBN und die Materialflusssimulation integrieren lassen. Die hier vorgestellten Methoden und Konzepte ermöglichen eine wirtschaftlichere Erstellung von Emulationsmodellen durch eine Aufwandsreduzierung. Somit werden finanzielle und zeitliche Hindernisse gegenüber dem verstärkten Einsatz der Emulation reduziert und durch den verbreiteten Einsatz können die Potentiale der Emulation häufiger genutzt werden.



Bergmann, Sören; Stelzer, Sören; Straßburger, Steffen
On the use of artificial neural networks in simulation-based manufacturing control. - In: Journal of simulation, ISSN 1747-7786, Bd. 8 (2014), 1, S. 76-90

The automatic generation of simulation models has been a recurring research topic for several years. In manufacturing industries, it is currently also becoming a topic of high practical relevance. A well-known challenge in most model generation approaches is the correct reproduction of the dynamic behaviour of model elements, for example, buffering or control strategies. This problem is especially relevant in simulation-based manufacturing control. In such scenarios, simulation models need to reflect the current state and behaviour of the real system in a highly accurate way, otherwise its suggested control decisions may be inaccurate or even dangerous towards production goals. This paper introduces a novel methodology for approximating dynamic behaviour using artificial neural networks, rather than trying to determine exact representations. We suggest using neural networks in conjunction with traditional material flow simulation systems whenever a certain decision cannot be made ex ante in the model generation process due to insufficient knowledge about the behaviour of the real system. In such cases the decision is delegated to the neural network, which is connected to the simulation system at runtime. Training of the neural network is performed by observation of the real systems decision and based on the evaluation of data that can be gained through production data acquisition. Our approach has certain advantages compared to other approaches and is especially well suited in the context of on-line simulation and simulation-based operational decision support. We demonstrate the applicability of our methodology using a case study and report on performance results.



http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jos.2013.6
Bergmann, Sören;
Automatische Generierung adaptiver Modelle zur Simulation von Produktionssystemen. - Ilmenau : Universitätsverlag Ilmenau, 2013. - Online-Ressource : Ilmenau, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2013
Parallel als Druckausg. erschienen

Die Simulation von Produktionsprozessen wird heute in einer Vielzahl von Branchen eingesetzt. Simulation dient hierbei zur Analyse, dem Design und der Optimierung der Produktions- und Logistikprozesse und dem dabei anfallenden Ressourceneinsatz und kann hierbei sowohl in der Planung, Inbetriebnahme als auch während des operativen Betriebs genutzt werden. Den unbestritten großen Potentialen der Materialflusssimulation in Unternehmen stehen entsprechend hohe Aufwände entgegen. Diese entstehen sowohl bei der Implementierung der Modelle als auch deren Nutzung. Durch schlechte Integration und Standardisierung der Simulation, steigende Anforderungen der Unternehmen bzgl. Genauigkeit, Flexibilität, Anpassbarkeit, Geschwindigkeit, Kosten, Wiederverwendbarkeit, Zyklen und phasenübergreifender Nutzbarkeit usw. werden die Aufwände teils unnötig gesteigert. Ein Ansatz, der seit einigen Jahren immer wieder als ein Lösungsbeitrag für eine bessere Nutzung der Simulation auch gerade in KMU's betrachtet wird, ist die automatische Generierung von Simulationsmodellen. Unter automatischer Modellgenerierung werden verschiedene Ansätze subsumiert, die erlauben Simulationsmodelle oder zumindest Teile von Modellen mittels Algorithmen zu erzeugen. Bisher wurde kein Ansatz veröffentlicht, der für einen breiteren Nutzerkreis und über einen speziellen Teilbereich hinaus gute Ergebnisse liefert.In dieser Arbeit wurde ein umfassendes Rahmenwerk zur Integration bzw. Automatisierung der Simulation entworfen und validiert. Es wurden sowohl organisatorische, methodische als auch prototypisch technische Komponenten betrachtet. In diesem Zusammenhang wird die These vertreten, dass eine breit anwendbare automatische Modellgenerierung allein durch die Nutzung von Standards zum Datenaustausch bzw. zur Konzeptmodellerstellung sinnvoll zu implementieren ist. Konkret wurde der Core Manufacturing Simulation Data (CMSD) Standard genutzt bzw. bildet die Referenzanwendung des Standards die Basis der gesamten Arbeit. Die Unterstützung aller Simulationsphasen, d.h. nicht allein der Modellerstellung sondern auch der Alternativenbildung, Initialisierung, Ergebnisauswertung usw. in allen Komponenten wird durchgehend gewährleistet. Weiterhin wurden konkret Modellgenerierungsmethoden und Verfahren zur Abbildung des dynamischen Verhaltens in Modellen klassifiziert und einzelne Lösungsansätze vorgestellt.



http://www.db-thueringen.de/servlets/DocumentServlet?id=23106
Meyer, Torben; Straßburger, Steffen
Methoden zur teilautomatischen Generierung von Emulationsmodellen. - In: Simulation in Produktion und Logistik 2013, (2013), S. 741-750

Emulation models as the basis for virtual commissioning of control software and hardware are traditionally built manually and require a high amount of time and effort for building them. This paper addresses this issue by discussing different options for a semi-automatic generation of emulation models. We discuss different scenarios (from automatic emulation model generation to model transformation approaches) to and the associated benefits and requirements. Based on a comparison of the different scenarios, we discuss the economic efficiency and the applicability of all scenarios. Finally we present a prototypical implementation of a method for transforming a simulation model originally used for planning purposes into an emulation model used for virtual commissioning.



Meyer, Torben; Trojahn, Matthias; Straßburger, Steffen
Using crowdsourced geographic information from OpenStreetMap for discrete event simulation of logistic systems. - In: 46th Annual Simulation Symposium (ANSS 2013), ISBN 978-1-62748-030-7, (2013), S. 11-18

This article investigates the usability of crowd sourced geographical information from systems such as OpenStreetMap (OSM) for logistic simulation. Our investigations are motivated by the need to efficiently and quickly build simulation models containing complex infrastructure elements such as streets, rails, waterways, and their junctions. We, therefore, discuss the representation of such data in geographical information systems as well as possible export and import mechanisms. We further suggest transformations of the exported data for facilitating its use for logistics simulation.We finally introduce a prototype based on OSM data of the Volkswagen AG plant in Wolfsburg (Germany) and report some performance results.



Müller-Sommer, Hannes;
Wirtschaftliche Generierung von Belieferungssimulationen unter Verwendung rechnerunterstützter Plausibilisierungsmethoden für die Bewertung der Eingangsdaten. - Ilmenau : Universitätsverlag Ilmenau, 2013. - Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: XVIII, 159 Bl., 8,19 MB) : Ilmenau, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2012
Parallel als Druckausg. erschienen

Das Konzept der Digitalen Fabrik bietet die Möglichkeit, ein Planungssystem mit einer einheitlichen Datengrundlage aufzubauen. Dies schafft die Voraussetzungen, um Belieferungssimulationen mit plausibilisierten Eingangsdaten weitestgehend automatisiert generieren zu können. Die Eingangsdaten sind der Schlüssel zum Erfolg. Nur wer in gewachsenen IT-Landschaften mit unzähligen Schnittstellen Transparenz schaffen kann, weiß, woher welche Daten kommen und wie diese erhoben werden, kann damit auch die Qualität der Eingangsdaten - und dadurch auch die Qualität der Simulationsergebnisse beurteilen. Diese Dissertation möchte einen Beitrag leisten, wie diese Eingangsdaten mit unterschiedlichen, unabhängigen Methoden untersucht werden können. Es sollen nicht nur Fragen zur Vollständigkeit der Eingangsdaten beantwortet werden, sondern vielmehr Antworten gegeben werden, ob die Eingangsdaten korrekt sind. Es wird aufgezeigt, wie diese Methoden im Umfeld der Digitalen Fabrik zentral in einem Simulationsgerüst gebündelt werden können, um eine einheitliche Plattform zur Plausibilisierung zu schaffen. Darauf aufbauend können diese plausibilisierten Daten verwendet werden, um eine Belieferungssimulation aufzubauen. Dies spart nicht nur Zeit, sondern kann auch falsche Schlussfolgerungen auf Basis fehlerhafter Eingangsdaten verhindern.



http://www.db-thueringen.de/servlets/DocumentServlet?id=21668
Meyer, Torben; Straßburger, Steffen
Integrierte virtuelle Inbetriebnahme : erhöhte Skalierbarkeit durch Integration von Materialfluss- und Anlagensimulation. - In: Werkstattstechnik, ISSN 1436-5006, Bd. 103 (2013), 3, S. 177-183

In den vergangenen Jahren hat sich die virtuelle Inbetriebnahme als Methode der "Digitalen Fabrik" zur Verkürzung der realen Inbetriebnahmezeit und zum Softwaretest einzelner Maschinen oder Anlagen etabliert. Eine weitere Methode der Digitalen Fabrik ist die Materialflusssimulation; sie untersucht ganze Fabriken beispielsweise hinsichtlich produktionslogistischer Fragestellungen. An einem Prototyp wurden die Potentiale und Herausforderungen dargestellt, die infolge der Verbindung von Materialflusssimulation und virtueller Inbetriebnahme entstehen.



Bergmann, Sören; Stelzer, Sören; Straßburger, Steffen
A new web based method for distribution of simulation experiments based on the CMSD standard. - In: Proceedings of the 2012 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), ISBN 978-1-4673-4779-2, (2012), insges. 12 S.

This article introduces a novel methodology for web based distribution of simulation experiments. The approach is related to themes such as web based applications, cloud computing or applications as a service, which have been recurring topics in scientific papers for years. The methodology is based on automatic model generation, initialization, and result analysis under usage of the CMSD standard. All user interactions are performed in web based user interfaces. Of special importance is that different simulations tools can be used in parallel without any additional effort. Furthermore the simulation tool actually used is transparent to the user. The applicability of our methodology is demonstrated for different production scenarios.



http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2012.6464985
Bergmann, Sören; Stelzer, Sören; Wüstemann, Sascha; Straßburger, Steffen
Model generation in SLX using CMSD and XML stylesheet transformations. - In: Proceedings of the 2012 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), ISBN 978-1-4673-4779-2, (2012), insges. 11 S.

This article introduces a novel methodology for automatic simulation model generation. The methodology is based on the usage of XML stylesheet transformations for generating the actual source code of the target simulation system. It is therefore especially well-suited for all language-based simulation systems. The prerequisite for using the methodology is an appropriate representation of the system under investigation in the Core Manufacturing Simulation Data (CSMD) format. The applicability of our methodology is demonstrated for the simulation language SLX as well as for the visualization system Proof Animation.



http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2012.6464981
Meyer, Torben; Straßburger, Steffen
Using protocol state machines to support simulation-based emulation projects. - In: Modelling and Simulation 2012, ISBN 978-90-77381-73-1, (2012), S. 234-238

Emulation is used to offer a simulated material flow system for the process of control software development and commissioning. The integration of Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) with an emulation model is an error prone process and involves multiple stakeholders, including emulation engineers and control engineers. Typically, there is no complete formal description of the interface communication between the MES and the emulation model. This article suggests the use of protocol state machines to firstly formally describe the interface communication and secondly analyze emulation experiments based on the log files of the involved systems. The article further presents a case study and a prototype which have successfully applied the concept of protocol state machines.



Stelzer, Sören; Bergmann, Sören; Straßburger, Steffen
Generation of alternatives for model predictive control in manufacturing. - In: I3M 2012 conference proceedings, (2012), S. 7-16

Manufacturing systems are dynamic systems which are influenced by various disturbances or frequently changing customer requests. A continuous process of decision making is required. Model Predictive Control is a common model-based approach for control but needs adaption to be applicable to discrete-event simulation. In this paper we introduce an approach to model and generate non trivial control options and decisions often made in the operation of manufacturing systems. We also show how complex scenarios can be generated. To support a wide-range of applications our approach is based on the core manufacturing simulation data (CMSD) information model. We implement the design and generation of complex scenarios by processing and combining modeled control options. By using our approach, which also applicable to decision support systems, we can enable model-based closed-loop control based on a symbiotic simulation system and automated model generation and initialization.



Meyer, Torben; Straßburger, Steffen
Facilitating emulation project analysis through the use of protocol state machines. - In: WSC '12 goes Europe!, ISBN 978-1-4673-4780-8, (2012), insges. 2 S.

Emulation is a well-established technology which supports the software development and the commissioning phase of control systems by connecting the real control system with a simulated material flow system. This article suggests the use of protocol state machines to firstly formally describe the interface communication and secondly analyze emulation experiments.



Stelzer, Sören;
Generation of alternatives for model predictive control in manufacturing systems. - In: WSC '12 goes Europe!, ISBN 978-1-4673-4780-8, (2012), insges. 2 S.

This article discusses possibilities for the generation of alternatives for model predictive control of manufacturing systems.



Taylor, Simon J. E.; Turner, Stephen J.; Straßburger, Steffen; Mustafee, Navonil
Bridging the gap: a standards-based approach to OR/MS distributed simulation. - In: ACM transactions on modeling and computer simulation, ISSN 1558-1195, Bd. 22 (2012), 4, S. 18:1-18:23

In Operations Research and Management Science (OR/MS), Discrete Event Simulation (DES) models are typically created using commercial off-the-shelf simulation packages (CSPs) such as AnyLogic, Arena, Flexsim, Simul8, SLX, Witness, and so on. A DES model represents the processes associated with a system of interest. Some models may be composed of submodels running in their own CSPs on different computers linked together over a communications network via distributed simulation software. The creation of a distributed simulation with CSPs is still complex and typically requires a partnership of problem owners, modelers, CSP vendors, and distributed simulation specialists. In an attempt to simplify this development and foster discussion between modelers and technologists, the SISO-STD-006-2010 Standard for COTS Simulation Package Interoperability Reference Models has been developed. The standard makes it possible to capture interoperability capabilities and requirements at a DES modeling level rather than a computing technical level. For example, it allows requirements for entity transfer between models to be clearly specified in DES terms (e.g. the relationship between departure and arrival simulation times and input element (queue, workstation, etc.), buffering rules, and entity priority, instead of using specialist technical terminology. This article explores the motivations for distributed simulation in this area, related work, and the rationale for the standard. The four Types of Interoperability Reference Model described in the standard are discussed and presented (A. Entity Transfer, B. Shared Resource, C. Shared Event, and D. Shared Data Structure). Case studies in healthcare and manufacturing are given to demonstrate how the standard is used in practice.



https://doi.org/10.1145/2379810.2379811
Straßburger, Steffen; Taylor, Simon J. E.
A comparison of the CSPI and CMSD standards. - In: Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop 2012 (2012 Spring SIW), ISBN 978-1-618-39719-5, (2012), S. 82-89

The SISO standards SISO-STD-006-2010 and SISO-STD-008-2010 are two standards focusing on the interoperability requirements of the manufacturing and logistics domains. In these domains, simulation studies are mostly performed using commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) Simulation Packages (CSPs), such as Arena , Anylogic , Flexsim , Plant Simulation , Simul8 , SLX , Witness , etc. As both standards seem to address similar problems, namely interoperability issues when using such CSPs, we investigate the specific strengths of each of these standards and derive recommendations for their usage. In specific, we illustrate how the standard for Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) Simulation Package Interoperability (CSPI) Reference Models (SISO-STD-006-2010) can facilitate interoperability between different CSPs. A use case from the commercial vehicle sector is presented in support of this discussion. Further, we illustrate how the standard for Core Manufacturing Simulation Data (SISO-STD-008-2010) can be used to exchange data between other information systems in manufacturing and CSPs. We outline a use case in which CMSD is used as the basis for simulation model generation in Plant Simulation. We also discuss the usage of CMSD to carry model initialization data and its potential to exchange data between different CSPs.



Wack, Karl-Josef; Riegmann, Tobias; Straßburger, Steffen; Guenther, Ulrich
Virtuelle Produktionsabsicherung am Beispiel Montage Powertrain. - In: Digitales Engineering und virtuelle Techniken zum Planen, Testen und Betreiben technischer Systeme, (2011), S. 111-119

Die Automobilindustrie ist derzeit weltweit mit einer steigenden Nachfrage und wachsenden Absatzmärkten konfrontiert. Die zusätzlich turbulente Marktlage führt zu einem Konkurrenzkampf um wichtige Marktanteile zwischen den Automobilherstellern, welche sich mehr denn je in einem Spannungsfeld aus den Faktoren Qualität, Produktivität und Kosten bewegen. Der sich daraus ergebende Wettbewerb hat kürzere Innovations- und Produktlebenszyklen zur Folge. Die Anforderungen der Kunden unterscheiden sich zusätzlich von Markt zu Markt immer mehr - und führen folgend zu einer steigenden Variantenanzahl. Die durchschnittliche Anzahl der Serienanläufe pro Jahr hat sich beispielsweise bei dem deutschen Automobilhersteller Daimler AG in den letzten 20 Jahren mehr als verdreifacht. Empirische Studien zeigen zudem, dass ein Großteil der notwendigen Änderungsmaßnahmen erst ab der Nullserienphase und somit nach Erstellung von Serienwerkzeugen bzw. während der Phase des Serienanlaufs durchgeführt wird. Effiziente Produktionsanläufe gewinnen somit zunehmend an Bedeutung. Der Einsatz von digitalen Methoden und Softwarewerkzeugen entlang des Produktentstehungsprozesses macht es bereits möglich, einen Großteil der Anlaufvorgänge im Vorfeld digital abzusichern. Im Folgenden wird ein Workflow zur virtuellen Produktionsabsicherung dargestellt und dessen Anwendung im Aggregatebereich bei Daimler Truck erläutert.



Bergmann, Sören; Stelzer, Sören; Straßburger, Steffen
Initialization of simulation models using CMSD. - In: Proceedings of the 2011 Winter Simulation Conference, ISBN 978-1-457-72106-9, (2011), S. 2228-2239

In the context of online- and symbiotic simulation, the precise initialization of simulation models based on the state of the physical system is a fundamental requirement. In these simulations, the simulation model typically serves as an operational decision support tool. Obviously, it can therefore not start empty and idle. The accurate capturing of initial conditions is fundamental for the quality of the model based predictions. In literature, it is only generally stated that the simulation model must maintain a close connection with the physical system. Our work systematically investigates which data from the physical system is needed for initialization, how it shall be transferred into the simulation model in a standardized way, and which potential problems must be solved in the simulation system to adequately initialize its model elements. We present a solution based on the core manufacturing simulation data (CMSD) standard, suggest necessary extensions and demonstrate a prototypical implementation.



Taylor, Simon J. E.; Ghorbani, Mohammadmersad; Kiss, Tamas; Farkas, Daniel; Mustafee, Navonil; Kite, Shane; Turner, Stephen J.; Straßburger, Steffen
Distributed computing and modeling & simulation: speeding up simulations and creating large models. - In: Proceedings of the 2011 Winter Simulation Conference, ISBN 978-1-457-72106-9, (2011), S. 161-175

Distributed computing has many opportunities for Modeling and Simulation (M&S). Grid computing approaches have been developed that can use multiple computers to reduce the processing time of an application. In terms of M&S this means simulations can be run very quickly by distributing individual runs over locally or remotely available computing resources. Distributed simulation techniques allow us to link together models over a network enabling the creation of large models and/or models that could not be developed due to data sharing or model reuse problems. Using real-world examples, this advanced tutorial discusses how both approaches can be used to benefit M&S researchers and practitioners alike.



Bergmann, Sören; Stelzer, Sören; Straßburger, Steffen
Automatische Generierung und Initialisierung von Simulationsmodellen unter Verwendung des Core Manufacturing Simulation Data (CMSD) Information Model. - In: Nachhaltigkeit in Fabrikplanung und Fabrikbetrieb, (2011), S. 323-331

Simulation hat sich in vielen Anwendungsbereichen innerhalb produzierender Unternehmen zu einem nicht mehr weg zu denkenden Werkzeug zur Entscheidungsfindung bzw. -unterstützung für nachhaltiges Wirtschaften entwickelt. Allerdings führt die Erstellung und Integration von Simulationsmodellen sowie deren Nutzung immer noch zu erheblichen Kosten für Unternehmen. Seit geraumer Zeit werden Ansätze verfolgt, die ermöglichen sollen, Modelle effizienter zu erstellen und zu nutzen, aber erst die konsequente Nutzung eines Standards zur Datenmodellierung und zum Datenaustausch ermöglicht eine breitere Nutzung solcher Ansätze. In dieser Arbeit wird gezeigt, dass CMSD ein geeigneter Standard sowohl für die Erstellung von Simulationsmodellen als auch für deren Initialisierung ist.



Bergmann, Sören;
Automatische Generierung adaptiver und lernfähiger Modelle zur Simulation von Produktionssystemen. - In: Tagungsband zum Doctoral Consortium der WI 2011, (2011), S. 9-16

In diesem Beitrag wird ein Ansatz zur automatischen Modelgenerierung und -adaption vorgestellt. Augenmerk liegt vor allem auf der Einsatzmöglichkeit im gesamten Produkt- bzw. Produktionslebenszyklus sowie bei der Integration in die betriebliche IT Infrastruktur, dazu wird auf standardisierten Datenaustausch mittels des Core Manufacturing Simulation Data (CMSD) Information Model gesetzt. Weitere Kernpunkte stellen die automatische Validierung und die Beschreibung bzw. Ermittlung von Steuerstrategien, z.B. Reihenfolgeregeln in Puffern, die Speicherung von manuell ergänzten Objekten/Verhalten und die Modellinitialisierung, dar. Die Beschreibung einer ersten prototypischen Implementierung einzelner Aspekte in Plant Simulation runden den Beitrag ab.



https://epub.uni-bayreuth.de/348/
Bergmann, Sören; Stelzer, Sören
Approximation of dispatching rules in manufacturing control using artificial neural networks. - In: 2011 IEEE Workshop on Principles of Advanced and Distributed Simulation, ISBN 978-1-4577-1365-1, (2011), insges. 8 S.

Automatic generation of simulation models has been a recurring topic in scientific papers for years. A common problem of all known model generation approaches is the generation of dynamic behavior, e.g. buffering or control strategies. This paper introduces a novel methodology for generation of dynamic behavior, based on artificial neural networks, which is usable directly in the simulation. We also test the approach in a manageable scenario; all results are illustrated via small simulation experiments.



http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PADS.2011.5936774
Wack, Karl-Josef; Riegmann, Tobias; Straßburger, Steffen; Guenther, Ulrich
Mehr Sicherheit in der Fertigung : virtuelle Produktionsabsicherung in der Montage. - In: Digital-Engineering-Magazin, ISSN 1618-002X, (2011), 5, S. 46-47

Automobilhersteller müssen in der Lage sein, kürzere Innovations- und Produktlebenszyklen zu realisieren, um wettbewerbsfähig zu bleiben. Zusätzlich führen unterschiedliche Kundenanforderungen zu einer großen Zahl an Produktvarianten - und so zu einer steigenden Anzahl an Serienanläufen. Effiziente Produktionsanläufe gewinnen daher mehr und mehr an Bedeutung. Die Methoden und Werkzeuge der digitalen Fabrik erlauben bereits frühzeitig eine virtuelle Absicherung der Montage.



Pawlaszczyk, Dirk;
Skalierbare Agentenbasierte Simulation - Verteilte Simulation agentenbasierter Modelle. - In: Künstliche Intelligenz, ISSN 1610-1987, Bd. 24 (2010), 2, S. 161-163

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13218-010-0031-5
Bergmann, Sören; Straßburger, Steffen
Challenges for the automatic generation of simulation models for production systems. - Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 6 S., 366, 4 KB)CD-ROM-Ausg.: 2010 International Simulation Multiconference : Crowne Plaza Hotel, Downtown Ottawa, On., Canada, 12 - 14, 2010 / SCS; SISO. - [S.l.] : Omni Press, 2010. - ISBN 1-565-55344-6. - S. 545-549

http://www.db-thueringen.de/servlets/DocumentServlet?id=17445
Taylor, Simon J. E.; Mustafee, Navonil; Kite, Shane; Wood, Chris; Turner, Stephen John; Straßburger, Steffen
Improving simulation through advanced computing techniques: grid computing and simulation interoperability. - In: Proceedings of the 2010 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), ISBN 978-1-4244-9866-6, (2010), S. 216-230

Today, due to exciting developments in advanced computing techniques and technologies, many scientists can now make use of dedicated high speed networks and high performance computing. This so-called "e-science" is enabling scientists across many fields to work together in global virtual research communities. What do these advancements mean for modeling and simulation? This advanced tutorial investigates two key areas that are affecting the way M&S projects are being developed and deployed. Grid Computing addresses the use of many computers to speed up applications. Simulation Interoperability deals with linking together remote simulations and/or speeding up the execution of a single run. Through the use of case studies we hope to show that both these areas are making a major impact on the practice of M&S in both industry and science, as well as in turn supporting the future capabilities of e-Science.



http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2010.5679162
Bergmann, Sören; Fiedler, Alexander; Straßburger, Steffen
Generierung und Integration von Simulationsmodellen unter Verwendung des Core Manufacturing Simulation Data (CMSD) Information Model. - In: Integrationsaspekte der Simulation: Technik, Organisation und Personal, (2010), S. 461-468

http://digbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/volltexte/1000019635
Meyer, Torben; Müller-Sommer, Hannes; Straßburger, Steffen
Erhöhung der Wiederverwendbarkeit von Eingangsdaten für Belieferungssimulationen durch Expertensysteme. - In: Integrationsaspekte der Simulation: Technik, Organisation und Personal, (2010), S. 421-428

http://digbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/volltexte/1000019635
Müller-Sommer, Hannes; Straßburger, Steffen
Methoden zur Plausibilisierung von Eingangsdaten für Belieferungssimulationen in Logistik-Planungssystemen der Digitalen Fabrik. - In: Integrationsaspekte der Simulation: Technik, Organisation und Personal, (2010), S. 61-68

http://digbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/volltexte/1000019635
Wack, Karl-Josef; Bär, Thomas; Straßburger, Steffen;
Limitations of digital ramp-up validation :
Grenzen einer digitalen Absicherung des Produktionsanlaufs. - In: Integrationsaspekte der Simulation: Technik, Organisation und Personal, (2010), S. 45-52

http://digbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/volltexte/1000019635
Straßburger, Steffen; Bergmann, Sören; Müller-Sommer, Hannes
Modellgenerierung im Kontext der Digitalen Fabrik - Stand der Technik und Herausforderungen. - In: Integrationsaspekte der Simulation: Technik, Organisation und Personal, (2010), S. 37-44

http://digbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/volltexte/1000019635
Müller-Sommer, Hannes; Straßburger, Steffen;
Ausprägungen und Nutzungsgrad der Logistiksimulation im Umfeld der Automobilindustrie. - Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 9 S., 443,1 KB)CD-ROM-Ausg.: Textfassungen der Vorträge // ASIM 2009, 20. Symposium Simulationstechnik : Brandenburgische Technische Universität, 23. - 25. September 2009 / Arbeitsgemeinschaft Simulation in der GI e.V. Hrsg. von Albrecht Gnauck ... - Cottbus : Brandenburgisch Techn. Univ., 2009. - ISBN 978-3-9811800-5-3, S. 353-361

In Wissenschaft und Praxis wird die Materialflusssimulation für eine Vielzahl von Anwendungsszenarien in Produktion und Logistik verwendet. Fokus dieses Beitrags sind die unter dem Oberbegriff "Logistiksimulation" im automobilen Umfeld zusammengefassten Ausprägungen dieser Simulationsmethode. Diese werden von den einzelnen Automobilherstellern in unterschiedlichen Detaillierungsgraden und unterschiedlichen Bandbreiten eingesetzt. Bisher konnten sich allerdings keine gemeinsamen Bezeichnungen für diese Ausprägungen der Logistiksimulation durchsetzen. Um einen einheitlichen Standard im Umfeld der automobilen Logistik zu definieren, wurde eine Umfrage bei den deutschen Automobilherstellern durchgeführt. Das Ergebnis zeigt, dass aktuell vier Ausprägungen der Simulation im Bereich der Automotive-Logistik eingesetzt werden, die auf Grund ihrer Fragestellungen sehr unterschiedlich zu behandeln sind. Dies sind die Werkssimulation, die Belieferungssimulation, die Supply-Chain-Simulation und die Verkehrsflusssimulation. Durch die übergreifende Definition der verwendeten Simulationen, Festlegung der Betrachtungsumfänge und Systemgrenzen sowie die Rolle im Produktentstehungsprozess wird eine Vergleichbarkeit geschaffen. Auf der Basis dieser Standardisierung können Zusammenarbeitsmodelle vereinbart und gemeinsame Forschungsvorhaben angestoßen werden.



http://www.db-thueringen.de/servlets/DocumentServlet?id=15581
Taylor, Simon J. E.; Mustafee, Navonil; Turner, Stephen J.; Pan, Ke; Straßburger, Steffen
Commercial-Off-The-Shelf Simulation Package interoperability: issues and futures. - In: Proceedings of the 2009 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), ISBN 978-1-4244-5771-7, (2009), S. 203-215

Commercial-Off-The-Shelf Simulation Packages (CSPs) are widely used in industry to simulate discrete-event models. Interoperability of CSPs requires the use of distributed simulation techniques. Literature presents us with many examples of achieving CSP interoperability using bespoke solutions. However, for the wider adoption of CSP-based distributed simulation it is essential that, first and foremost, a standard for CSP interoperability be created, and secondly, these standards are adhered to by the CSP vendors. This advanced tutorial is on an emerging standard relating to CSP interoperability. It gives an overview of this standard and presents case studies that implement some of the proposed standards. Furthermore, interoperability is discussed in relation to large and complex models developed using CSPs that require large amount of computing resources. It is hoped that this tutorial will inform the simulation community of the issues associated with CSP interoperability, the importance of these standards and its future.



http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2009.5429326
Pawlaszczyk, Dirk; Straßburger, Steffen
Scalability in distributed simulations of agent-based models. - In: Proceedings of the 2009 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), ISBN 978-1-4244-5771-7, (2009), S. 1189-1200

Research on systems of autonomous agents, called multiagent systems (MAS), has received much interest in the domain of (distributed) artificial intelligence in recent years. MAS are most suitable for the development of distributed applications within an uncertain and dynamically changing environment. For validation of such systems agent based simulation is a new modeling paradigm not limited to systems which qualify as MAS by default. The focus of the work presented here is on scalability aspects of simulation environments for agent based simulations. Scalable solutions are required, as complex models require the capability to simulate hundreds or more complex deliberative agents. This is a capability which is often lacking in existing simulation environments for agents. We investigate different aspects which influence scalability and present a solution for enabling a scalable and efficient distributed simulation of agent-based models based on an adapted optimistic synchronization protocol which limits the level of optimism by using knowledge about agent interaction patterns.



http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2009.5429429
Pawlaszczyk, Dirk; Straßburger, Steffen;
A synchronization protocol for distributed agent-based simulations with constrained optimism. - Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 5 S., 1,28 MB)Druckausg.: Modelling and simulation 2009 : the European Simulation and Modelling Conference 2009, ESM 2009 ; October 26 - 28, 2009, Leicester, United Kingdom / [organised by ETI - the European Technology Institute. Sponsored by EUROSIS, the Euopean Simulation Society]. Ed. by Marwan Al-Akaida. - Ostend : EUROSIS-ETI, 2009. - ISBN 978-90-77381-52-6, S. 337-341

Agent-based simulation (ABS) is a paradigm which has received much attention within the last years. For enabling industrial use of ABS scalable solutions are required which can be executed on a distributed computing architecture. Such solutions must be capable of simulating complex models with hundreds or more complex deliberative agents with really autonomous behavior. In this article we argue that only optimistic synchronization protocols are potentially capable of providing the required performance. We suggest a synchronization protocol with constrained optimism which exploits specific characteristics of communication patterns within agent based simulations. Furthermore the presented protocol includes appropriate methods for GVT computation and fossil collection in distributed ABS as well as mechanisms to ensure repeatability.



http://www.db-thueringen.de/servlets/DocumentServlet?id=15078
Straßburger, Steffen; Schulze, Thomas; Fujimoto, Richard
Future trends in distributed simulation and distributed virtual environments. - In: Advancing the frontiers of simulation, (2009), S. 231-261

This paper reports the main results of a peer study on future trends in distributed simulation and distributed virtual environments. The peer study was based on the opinions of more than 60 experts which were collected by means of a survey and personal interviews. The survey collected opinions concerning the current state-of-the-art, relevance, and research challenges that must be addressed to advance and strengthen these technologies to a level where they are ready to be applied in day-to-day business in industry. The most important result of this study is the observation that as research areas, both distributed simulation and distributed virtual environments are attributed a high future practical relevance and a high economic potential. At the same time the study shows that the current adoption of these technologies in the industrial sector is rather low. The study analyzes reasons for this observation and identifies open research challenges.



Pawlaszczyk, Dirk;
Skalierbare agentenbasierte Simulation : Werkzeuge und Techniken zur verteilten Simulation agentenbasierter Modelle. - Ilmenau : Univ.-Verl. Ilmenau, 2009. - Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: XV, 327 S., 5,37 MB) : Ilmenau, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2009
Parallel als Druckausg. erschienen

Simulation stellt eine Analysemethode für viele Anwendungsbereiche zur Verfügung. Im Mittelpunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit steht eine spezielle Simulationsmethode - die Agentenbasierte Simulation (ABS). Im Rahmen der ABS werden Modelle betrachtet, die sich aus Agenten zusammensetzen. Agenten sind in der Lage, ihre Umgebung wahrzunehmen und unter Rückgriff auf lokal hinterlegtes Wissen, Schlüsse über ihre Wahrnehmungen ziehen. Darauf aufbauend wählt ein Agent Aktionen aus, mit denen er seine Umwelt gezielt verändern kann. Neben ihrer Autonomie sind Software-Agenten häufig durch soziale Eigenschaften charakterisiert und der Fähigkeit benachbarte Systeme zu erkennen und mit diesen zu kommunizieren. Agentenbasierte Simulation erlaubt es, das Verhalten komplexer Systeme sowie emergente Phänomene zu studieren. Die Komplexität der mittels Agententechnologie zu lösenden Problemstellungen und die Größe der zu simulierenden Modelle nehmen stetig zu. Auf der anderen Seite wird der Entwicklung von Werkzeugen zur effizienten Durchführung von agentenbasierten Simulationsexperimenten bisher vergleichsweise wenig Beachtung geschenkt. Die verteilte Simulation versucht, unabhängige Ereignisse nebenläufig auszuführen, um so die Simulationsexperimente zu beschleunigen und die Effizienz zu verbessern. Die Ansätze der verteilten Simulation sind jedoch vielfältig. Die Auswahl des richtigen Verfahrens fällt schwer. Die vorliegende Dissertation diskutiert Strategien zur Parallelisierung agentenbasierter Simulation. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, Chancen und Risiken die durch die Verteilung von Agentenmodellen entstehen näher zu untersuchen. Insbesondere werden Möglichkeiten sowie Grenzen der Skalierung dieser Anwendungsklasse analysiert. Hierfür wird zunächst der Begriff der Skalierbarkeit eingeführt. Mit ihrer Hilfe ist es möglich, Aussagen über die Effizienz eines verteilten Systems zu treffen. Die Entwicklung und Erprobung neuer sowie die Untersuchung bestehender Verfahren für die verteilte Simulation und deren Übertragung auf den Bereich der agentenbasierten Simulation bilden weitere Schwerpunkte der Arbeit.



http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:ilm1-2009000177
Munkelt, Torsten;
Potenzial Bayesâscher Netze zur Unterstützung der Produktionsplanung und -steuerung, 2008. - Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: XXIV, 347 S., 5,71 MB) Ilmenau : Techn. Univ., Diss., 2008

Das Potenzial Bayes'scher Netze (BNe) zur Unterstützung der Produktionsplanung und -steuerung (PPS) wird identifiziert, untersucht und aufgezeigt - sowohl theoretisch als auch praktisch. Der theoretisch geprägte Teil stellt dar, dass sich BNe aufgrund ihrer Eigenschaften und Fähigkeiten besonders gut zur Lösung bestimmter Probleme der PPS eignen. Zudem stellt er BNe alternativen Verfahren zur Unterstützung der PPS gegenüber. Der praxisorientierte Teil untermauert die Erkenntnisse aus der Theorie. Ein Softwaresystem zur Wissensverarbeitung mittels BNe wird entworfen und implementiert. Es werden geeignete Probleme der PPS ausgewählt, konkretisiert und mittels des Softwaresystems gelöst. Die Auswertung und Interpretation der Ergebnisse der Experimente gipfelt in der Aussage, dass BNe ein Potenzial zur Unterstützung der PPS aufweisen und dass sich BNe sehr gut zur Lösung bestimmter Probleme der PPS eignen.



http://www.db-thueringen.de/servlets/DocumentServlet?id=14509
Taylor, Simon J. E.; Straßburger, Steffen; Straßburger, Steffen *1973-*; Turner, Stephen J.
The SISO CSPI PDG standard for COTS simulation package interoperability reference models. - Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 10 S., 103,2 KB)Druckausg.: SISO European Simulation Interoperability Workshop : EURO SIW 2008, held 16 - 19 June 2008. Edinburgh, Scotland. - Red Hook, NY : Curran, 2008. - S. 118-127. - ISBN 978-1-605-60200-4

http://www.db-thueringen.de/servlets/DocumentServlet?id=12350
Raab, Michael; Schulze, Thomas; Schulze, Thomas *1950-*; Straßburger, Steffen;
Experiences from the application of HLA-based distributed simulations in the production of vehicles. - Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 6 S., 281,8 KB)Druckausg.: HMS 2008 : the 11th [i.e. 10th] International Workshop on Harbor Maritime Multimodal Logistics Modeling & Simulation ; September 17 - 19, 2008, Campora S. Giovanni (Amantea, CS), Italy ; [part of the International Mediterranean and Latin American Modeling Multiconference, I3M 2008] / ed. by Agostino Bruzzone ... - Genova : Univ., 2008. - ISBN 978-88-903724-2-1. - S. 29-34

This article discusses the application of distributed simulation in the context of vehicle production planning. The experiences are derived from a real industrial project which aimed at connecting up to seven individually developed simulation models. The article reports on lessons learned which include the need for efficient ways to manage and control HLA-based distributed federations, to maintain a single code base for the models as well as lookahead considerations for synchronization.



http://www.db-thueringen.de/servlets/DocumentServlet?id=12349
Raab, Michael; Schulze, Thomas; Straßburger, Steffen
Management of HLA-based distributed legacy SLX-models. - In: Winter Simulation Conference, 2008, ISBN 978-1-4244-2707-9, (2008), S. 1086-1093

This article discusses management tasks that have to be supported for an efficient reuse of simulation models within HLA-based distributed simulation environments. After a review of the controversial discussions on the deployment of distributed simulation in the industrial domain, this article derives the need of support for such basic management tasks. Based on the practical experiences from an industrial project from the manufacturing domain, in which several legacy SLX models had to be integrated, we demonstrate how these management tasks have been supported and which tools were needed for this purpose. We furthermore discuss the results of the distributed simulation and show the necessity and the added benefit provided through its usage in industry.



http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2008.4736177
Taylor, Simon J. E.; Turner, Stephen J.; Straßburger, Steffen
Guidelines for commercial off-the-shelf simulation package interoperability. - In: Winter Simulation Conference, 2008, ISBN 978-1-4244-2707-9, (2008), S. 193-204

Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) Simulation Packages (CSPs) are widely used visual interactive modeling environments such as Arena, Anylogic, Flexsim, Simul8, Witness, etc. CSP Interoperability (or distributed simulation) is a technique that allows a simulation to be executed over several computers or for several simulations running on different computers to run together. This also relates to simulation languages such as SLX and GPSS/H. There have been various attempts to interoperate these CSPs, some with the IEEE 1516 High Level Architecture (HLA). These can be quite complex and it is easy to loose track of exactly what is occurring between interoperating CSPs and their models. This paper introduces a set of Interoperability Reference Models (IRMs), or design patters for CSP Interoperability, that can be used as guidelines to simplify the interoperability process.



http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2008.4736068
Straßburger, Steffen; Schulze, Thomas; Fujimoto, Richard
Future trends in distributed simulation and distributed virtual environments: results of a peer study. - In: Winter Simulation Conference, 2008, ISBN 978-1-4244-2707-9, (2008), S. 777-785

This paper reports main results of a peer study on future trends in distributed simulation and distributed virtual environments. The peer study was based on the opinions of more than 60 experts which were collected by means of a survey and personal interviews. The survey collected opinions concerning the current state-of-the-art, relevance, and research challenges that must be addressed to advance and strengthen these technologies to a level where they are ready to be applied in day-to-day business in industry. Most important result of this study is the observation that as research areas, both distributed simulation and distributed virtual environments are attributed a high future practical relevance and a high economic potential. At the same time the study shows that the current adoption of these technologies in the industrial sector is rather low. The study analyses reasons for this observation and identifies open research challenges.



http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2008.4736140
Beyer, Jochen; Becher, Frank
Agentenbasiertes Scheduling und Rescheduling in Produktions-Transport-Netzwerken. - In: Advances in simulation for production and logistics applications, (2008), S. 299-308

An agent-based approach for supporting production and logistics planning is presented. The focus is not only production schedules but also costs of manufacturing and logistic services. This is achieved through efficient negotiation mechanisms working with additional budget or cost reduction, based on a contracting protocol and the agent infrastructure JADE. Two different strategies are examined for rescheduling jobs to minimize total weighted tardiness. The proposed approach is illustrated in a case study concerning optimisation of a four stage production network in relation to sub-contracted logistic services.



Straßburger, Steffen; Schulze, Thomas
Zukunftstrends in den Bereichen Verteilte Simulation und Verteilte Virtuelle Umgebungen. - In: Advances in simulation for production and logistics applications, (2008), S. 489-498

This paper summarizes the results of a peer study on future trends in distributed simulation and distributed virtual environments initiated by the Fraunhofer IFF. The study is based on the opinions of more than 60 experts which were collected by means of a survey and personal interviews. Most important result of this study is the fact that both distributed simulation and distributed virtual environments as research areas are attributed a high future practical relevance and a high economic potential. At the same time the study shows that the current adoption of the technologies in the industrial sector is rather low. The study also analyses reasons for this observation and identifies open research challenges in these areas.



Raab, Michael; Schulze, Thomas; Straßburger, Steffen
Erfahrungen aus der Anwendung von HLA-basierter verteilter Simulation im Nutzfahrzeugbereich. - In: Advances in simulation for production and logistics applications, (2008), S. 499-508

Distributed simulation has been known for many years as a method for the simulation of complex models. This paper presents the author's experiences from an industrial project targeting distributed simulation in the utility vehicles sector production. Existing monolithic simulation models were extended for their reuse in a distributed environment. One project requirement was to ensure the consistency between monolithic and distributed model versions. Project results show that the frequently mentioned concerns regarding distributed simulation can be resolved successfully in industrial contexts. The gathered results of distributed simulations legitimate the necessary efforts.



Taylor, Simon J. E.; Turner, Stephen J.; Straßburger, Steffen
Clarifying interoperability: the SISO CSPI PDG standard for commercial off-the-shelf simulation package interoperability reference models. - In: 22nd Workshop on Principles of Advanced and Distributed Simulation, 2008, ISBN 978-0-7695-3159-5, (2008), S. 153

Commercial-off-the-shelf Simulation Packages (CSPs), visual interactive modelling environments such as Arena, Anylogic, Flexsim, Simul8, Witness, etc., are important "black box" software tools that support the development, experimentation and visualization of simulation models. They are widely used in commerce, defence, health, manufacturing and logistics. There is a growing need to link together, or to interoperate, models developed in these CSPs across computer networks. The motivations for this include data sensitivity, difficult to move resources and speed up. - There have been various attempts to create distributed simulations with these CSPs and their tools, some with the High Level Architecture (HLA). In this context, a distributed simulation or federation is composed of a set of CSPs and their models. A CSP will typically simulate its model using a discrete-event simulation algorithm. Each model/CSP represents a federate normally running on its own computer. In a distributed simulation, each model/CSP federate therefore exchanges data via a runtime infrastructure (RTI) implemented over a network in a time synchronized manner. The question is what data is exchanged and how is it done. The answer to these questions can be quite difficult and it is further compounded by no "standard" terminology between the CSPs. What is clear is that there is no common approach. Additionally, it is extremely difficult to identify the actual functionality of these implementations. As a step towards creating a common approach to interoperability between models and their CSPs, the COTS Simulation Package Interoperability Product Development Group (CSPI PDG) at the Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization have developed a standard set of Interoperability Reference Models (IRMs), the SISO CSPI PDG Standard for Commercial Off-The-Shelf Simulation Package Interoperability Reference Models. These IRMs state clearly interoperability rules for entity transfer, shared resources, shared events and shared data structures. - This talk will outline the processes by which these IRMs have been created, how they are intended to be used, and current progress in standardizing their implementation.



http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PADS.2008.35
Hauser, Helwig; Straßburger, Steffen; Theisel, Holger
Simulation and visualization 2008 : proceedings of the 2008 Simulation and Visualization Conference, 28 - 29 February 2008. - Erlangen [u.a.] : SCS Publ. House, 2008. - XII, 351 S. ISBN 3-936150-53-2
Literaturangaben

Lendermann, Peter; Heinicke, Matthias U.; McGinnis, Leon F.; McLean, Charles; Straßburger, Steffen; Taylor, Simon J. E.
Panel: distributed simulation in industry - a real-world necessity or ivory tower fancy?. - In: Winter Simulation Conference, 2007, ISBN 978-1-4244-1306-5, (2007), S. 1053-1062

Distributed simulation has a long history at the Winter Simulation Conference. Although successful in the military domain it appears, however, that the idea of applying distributed simulation in other fields for modeling and analysis of large-scale, heterogeneous systems such as communication networks or supply chains has still not reached the stage of commercial use until today. This panel attempts to identify reasons for this phenomenon by debating whether distributed simulation is actually a real-world necessity or should rather be considered ivory tower fancy.



http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2007.4419704
Taylor, Simon J. E.; Mustafee, Navonil; Straßburger, Steffen; Turner, Stephen J.; Low, Malcolm Y. H.; Ladbrook, John
The SISO CSPI PDG standard for commercial off-the-shelf simulation package interoperability reference models. - In: Winter Simulation Conference, 2007, ISBN 978-1-4244-1306-5, (2007), S. 594-602

For many years discrete-event simulation has been used to analyze production and logistics problems in manufacturing and defense. Commercial-off-the-shelf Simulation Packages (CSPs), visual interactive modelling environments such as Arena, Anylogic, Flexsim, Simul8, Witness, etc., support the development, experimentation and visualization of simulation models. There have been various attempts to create distributed simulations with these CSPs and their tools, some with the High Level Architecture (HLA). These are complex and it is quite difficult to assess how a set of models/CSP are actually interoperating. As the first in a series of standards aimed at standardizing how the HLA is used to support CSP distributed simulations, the Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization's (SISO) CSP Interoperability Product Development Group (CSPI PDG) has developed and standardized a set of Interoperability Reference Models (IRM) that are intended to clearly identify the interoperability capabilities of CSP distributed simulations.



http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2007.4419652
Straßburger, Steffen; Schulze, Thomas; Lemessi, Marco
Applying CSPI reference models for factory planning. - In: Winter Simulation Conference, 2007, ISBN 978-1-4244-1306-5, (2007), S. 603-609

This paper investigates the applicability of the CSPI reference models in different factory planning scenarios. These scenarios are taken from real industrial use cases. The CSPI reference models are put forward by the CSPI Product Development Group within the Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO). The objective of this group is to facilitate commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) simulation package interoperability (CSPI). The approach to do this is to define and standardize use patterns of the High Level Architecture (HLA) which is the state-of-the-art standard for distributed simulation. An intermediate step towards this goal is the definition of the interoperability reference models discussed here. They describe typical interoperability problems encountered when connecting different COTS simulation packages. This paper focuses on the first two of these reference models and reports on experiences drawn for their implementation.



http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2007.4419653
Pawlaszczyk, Dirk; Timm, Ingo J.
A hybrid time management approach to agent-based simulation. - In: KI 2006: advances in artificial intelligence, (2007), S. 374-388

In this paper we describe a time management approach to distributed agent-based simulation. We propose a new time management policy by joining optimistic synchronization techniques and domain-specific knowledge based on agent communication protocols. With respect to our experimental results, we assume that our approach helps to prevent too optimistic event execution. Consequently, the probability of time consuming rollbacks is reduced in comparison to a pure time warp based solutions. The approach has been implemented as a synchronization service for the JADE agent platform SimJade. The paper concludes by the discussion of our experimental results and future improvements.



http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69912-5_28
Petsch, Mathias; Pawlaszczyk, Dirk; Schorcht, Hagen
Regelbasierte Koordinierung von agentengestützten Transportprozessen. - In: eOrganisation, ISBN 978-3-86644-095-1, (2007), S. 355-372

Die Planung und Gestaltung effizienter unternehmensübergreifender Transportnetze rückt zunehmend in den Fokus betriebswirtschaftlicher Betrachtungen. Für eine flexible überbetriebliche Koordination und informationstechnische Integration von Güterflüssen in Lieferketten wird dabei immer häufiger der Einsatz von Softwareagenten diskutiert. Zur Lösung des Koordinationsproblems innerhalb von Transportnetzen werden Allokationsmechanismen, beispielsweise Auktionsprotokolle, vorgeschlagen. Regeln kommt an dieser Stelle eine zentrale Bedeutung zu, da sie zur Lenkung des Verhaltens und als Ausdruck der Ziele von Akteuren dienen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein Ansatz zur regelbasierten Koordination agentengestützter Transportprozesse vorgestellt. Um eine Überwachung zwischenbetrieblicher Geschäftsprozesse zu ermöglichen, ist es notwendig technische und organisatorische Rahmenbedingungen auszuhandeln und verbindlich zu kodifizieren. Als Grundlage dient eine entsprechende Regelontologie, die zur Aushandlung gemeinsam abgestimmter Geschäftsregeln bzw. Prozessbedingungen genutzt werden kann und Rechte bzw. Pflichten der Agenten abbilden.



Journal of simulation : JOS. - Abingdon : Taylor & Francis Group. - Online-Ressource, 1.2006 -. - ISSN 1747-7786Gesehen am 19.03.2018

http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2266085
Ilmenauer Beiträge zur Wirtschaftsinformatik. - Ilmenau : Inst. für Wirtschaftsinformatik. - Online-Ressource, 1.2005 -. - ISSN 1861-9223Gesehen am 19.10.21

http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2206055