Quantum confinement of electrons at metal surfaces. - In: Materials lab, ISSN 2653-4878, Bd. 2 (2023), 3, 230006, S. 1-11
Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy experiments on surface-localized electron states confined to nanometer-scaled resonators are reviewed from the first observations to the recently discovered novel reflection mechanism of electron de Broglie waves. The focus of the presented work is on lateral confinement and on processes leading to finite decay rates of the confined states.
https://doi.org/10.54227/mlab.20230006
Magnetic bound states of iron clusters on a superconductor. - In: Physical review, ISSN 2469-9969, Bd. 108 (2023), 19, 195403, S. 195403-1-195403-13
The magnetic exchange interaction of Fen (n = 1, 2, 3) clusters with the quasiparticles of superconducting Pb(111) is probed by scanning tunneling spectroscopy of Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states. The spectral weight of the Yu-Shiba-Rusinov resonances is shifted from the coherence peaks in the Fe monomer spectrum towards the Fermi energy in the Fe dimer spectrum. Unexpectedly, the linear Fe trimer does not follow this trend, as it exhibits an almost identical spectrum to the single Fe atom. Kinked Fe trimers where one of the end atoms deviates from the linear orientation, in contrast, show strong Yu-Shiba-Rusinov resonances well within the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer energy gap of the substrate. First-principles simulations of the Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states reveal which adsorption geometries and magnetic structures of the clusters can reproduce the experimental spectra most accurately.
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.108.195403
In-situ electrogravimetric detection of the cathodic process during the galvanic coupling between lithium and copper. - In: Electrochimica acta, ISSN 1873-3859, Bd. 463 (2023), 142853
With the development of the energy system transformation the quality and efficiency of the rechargeable batteries, particularly the Li ion technology, gain major importance. In spite of the enormous advances, along with many other technological challenges corrosion of the metallic battery parts is often a difficult obstacle for producers and researchers. Li-metal batteries and especially the “anode-free” battery concept could significantly increase the energy density. However, contact corrosion of the Li anode, can occur in this cell configuration since there is a high probability of a three-phase contact between Li-metal, current collector and electrolyte, a condition triggering an intensive Li corrosion. In this work, a new in-situ analytical methodology based on combining electrochemical (ZRA) and microgravimetric (QCM) techniques is proposed for studying the galvanic corrosion. The applicability of this approach is explored in three different electrolyte compositions. Beside the analysis of the conventional electrochemical parameters an in-situ gravimetric detection of the deposited electrolyte decomposition products on the cathode surface is demonstrated. Adsorbed polymer layer on the Cu surface is applied for cathodic inhibition of the galvanic corrosion process, which is studied by means of the novel ZRA-QCM approach.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142853
Uncovering vulnerable connections in the aging brain using reservoir computing. - In: Emerging Topics in Artificial Intelligence (ETAI) 2023, (2023), PC1265508
We used reservoir computing to explore the changes in the connectivity patterns of whole-brain anatomical networks derived by diffusion-weighted imaging, and their impact on cognition during aging. The networks showed optimal performance at small densities. This performance decreased with increasing density, with the rate of decrease being strongly associated with age and performance on behavioural tasks measuring cognitive function. This suggests that a network core of anatomical hubs is crucial for optimal functioning, while weaker connections are more susceptible to aging effects. This study highlights the potential utility of reservoir computing in understanding age-related changes in cognitive function.
https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2677364
Dual-functional electrode promoting dendrite-free and CO2 utilization enabled high-reversible symmetric Na-CO2 batteries. - In: Energy & Environmental Materials, ISSN 2575-0356, Bd. n/a (2023), n/a, e12626, S. 1-10
Sodium-carbon dioxide (Na-CO2) batteries are regarded as promising energy storage technologies because of their impressive theoretical energy density and CO2 reutilization, but their practical applications are restricted by uncontrollable sodium dendrite growth and poor electrochemical kinetics of CO2 cathode. Constructing suitable multifunctional electrodes for dendrite-free anodes and kinetics-enhanced CO2 cathodes is considered one of the most important ways to advance the practical application of Na-CO2 batteries. Herein, RuO2 nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon paper (RuCP) are rationally designed and employed as both Na anode host and CO2 cathode in Na-CO2 batteries. The outstanding sodiophilicity and high catalytic activity of RuCP electrodes can simultaneously contribute to homogenous Na+ distribution and dendrite-free sodium structure at the anode, as well as strengthen discharge and charge kinetics at the cathode. The morphological evolution confirmed the uniform deposition of Na on RuCP anode with dense and flat interfaces, delivering enhanced Coulombic efficiency of 99.5% and cycling stability near 1500 cycles. Meanwhile, Na-CO2 batteries with RuCP cathode demonstrated excellent cycling stability (>350 cycles). Significantly, implementation of a dendrite-free RuCPNa anode and catalytic-site-rich RuCP cathode allowed for the construction of a symmetric Na-CO2 battery with long-duration cyclability, offering inspiration for extensive practical uses of Na-CO2 batteries.
https://doi.org/10.1002/eem2.12626
Lower bounds for self-adjoint Sturm-Liouville operators. - In: Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, ISSN 1088-6826, Bd. 151 (2023), 12, S. 5313-5323
https://doi.org/10.1090/proc/16523
Limit point and limit circle trichotomy for Sturm-Liouville problems with complex potentials. - Ilmenau : Technische Universität Ilmenau, Institut für Mathematik, 2023. - 1 Online-Ressource (15 Seiten). - (Preprint ; M23,10)
The limit point and limit circle classification of real Sturm-Liouville problems by H. Weyl more than 100 years ago was extended by A.R. Sims around 60 years ago to the case when the coefficients are complex. Here the main result is a collection of various criteria which allow us to decide to which class of Sims' scheme a given Sturm-Liouville problem with complex coefficients belongs. This is subsequently applied to a second order differential equation defined on a ray in C which is motivated by the recent intensive research connected with PT-symmetric Hamiltonians.
https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:ilm1-2023200258
C60 fullerene reduces the level of fluctuations in the force response of muscle gastrocnemius in chronically alcoholized rats. - In: Applied nanoscience, ISSN 2190-5517, Bd. 13 (2023), 10, S. 7057-7067
The biomechanical parameters of muscle gastrocnemius contraction and biochemical parameters of blood and muscle tissue in rats after chronic alcoholization for 3, 6, and 9 months were studied. The oral administration of C60 fullerene aqueous solution (C60FAS) at doses of 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg throughout the experiment was used as a therapeutic agent. C60FAS in each of the experimental groups was administered in three ways: 1 h before alcohol intake, together with alcohol, and 1 h after alcohol intake. The most significant positive effects were recorded when alcohol and C60FAS were administered together at the optimal dose of 1 mg/kg. So, the increase in muscle gastrocnemius contraction force was 20 ± 1%, 33 ± 2% and 65 ± 3% (p < 0.05) compared with control at 3, 6, and 9 months alcoholization, respectively, as well as a high level of its fluctuations correction was observed throughout the experiment. Biochemical parameters such as blood levels of creatinine, creatine phosphokinase, lactate and lactate dehydrogenase as well as pro- and antioxidant balance (content of hydrogen peroxide and reduced glutathione, as well as catalase, selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities) in muscle gastrocnemius tissues decreased from 15 ± 2% (3 months of alcoholization) to 45 ± 2% (9 months of alcoholization) (p < 0.05) compared to controls. The results indicate promising prospects for the use of water-soluble C60 fullerenes, as powerful antioxidants, for the correction of pathological conditions of the muscular system arising from alcohol intoxication.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-023-02874-7
Spanning F-cycles in random graphs. - In: Combinatorics, probability & computing, ISSN 1469-2163, Bd. 32 (2023), 5, S. 833-850
We extend a recent argument of Kahn, Narayanan and Park ((2021) Proceedings of the AMS 149 3201-3208) about the threshold for the appearance of the square of a Hamilton cycle to other spanning structures. In particular, for any spanning graph, we give a sufficient condition under which we may determine its threshold. As an application, we find the threshold for a set of cyclically ordered copies of C4 that span the entire vertex set, so that any two consecutive copies overlap in exactly one edge and all overlapping edges are disjoint. This answers a question of Frieze. We also determine the threshold for edge-overlapping spanning Kr-cycles.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0963548323000172
Functional models of symmetric and selfadjoint operators. - In: From complex analysis to operator theory: a panorama, (2023), S. 75-122
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31139-0_7