Erscheinungsjahr 2020

Anzahl der Treffer: 69
Erstellt: Thu, 28 Mar 2024 23:15:20 +0100 in 0.4934 sec


Weidner, Florian; Broll, Wolfgang
Stereoscopic 3D dashboards : an investigation of performance, workload, and gaze behavior during take-overs in semi-autonomous driving. - In: Personal and ubiquitous computing, ISSN 1617-4917, Bd. 26 (2022), 3, S. 697-719

When operating a conditionally automated vehicle, humans occasionally have to take over control. If the driver is out of the loop, a certain amount of time is necessary to gain situation awareness. This work evaluates the potential of stereoscopic 3D (S3D) dashboards for presenting smart S3D take-over-requests (TORs) to support situation assessment. In a driving simulator study with a 4 × 2 between-within design, we presented 3 smart TORs showing the current traffic situation and a baseline TOR in 2D and S3D to 52 participants doing the n-back task. We further investigate if non-standard locations affect the results. Take-over performance indicates that participants looked at and processed the TORs' visual information and by that, could perform more safe take-overs. S3D warnings in general, as well as warnings appearing at the participants’ focus of attention and warnings at the instrument cluster, performed best. We conclude that visual warnings, presented on an S3D dashboard, can be a valid option to support take-over while not increasing workload. We further discuss participants’ gaze behavior in the context of visual warnings for automotive user interfaces.



https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-020-01438-8
Moller, Sebastian; Resagk, Christian; Cierpka, Christian
Long-time experimental investigation of turbulent superstructures in Rayleigh-Bénard convection by noninvasive simultaneous measurements of temperature and velocity fields. - In: Experiments in fluids, ISSN 1432-1114, Bd. 62 (2021), 4, 64, S. 1-18

Large-scale mean patterns in Rayleigh-Bénard convection, also referred to as turbulent superstructures, have mainly been studied by means of numerical simulations so far, but experimental investigations are still rare. However, the analysis of turbulent superstructures, which are of great importance due to their effect on the local transport of heat and momentum, require both numerical and experimental data. Therefore, within the scope of this study measurements were performed in the horizontal mid plane and in a horizontal plane closer to the top of a Rayleigh-Bénard cell with an aspect ratio of [Gamma]=l/h=25, thereby showing the initial formation of turbulent superstructures and their long-time rearrangement. The turbulent superstructures are investigated experimentally by noninvasive simultaneous measurements of temperature and velocity fields, using the color signal of thermochromic liquid crystals (TLCs) for the evaluation of the temperature and their temporal displacement for the determination of all three velocity components in the measurement planes via stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (stereo-PIV). Applying this measuring technique it is demonstrated that the time-averaging of instantaneous temperature and velocity fields uncovers the turbulent superstructures in both fields. Furthermore, the combination of the temperature and velocity data is used to characterize the local heat flux quantified by the local Nusselt number, which confirms that the turbulent superstructures strongly enhance the heat transfer in Rayleigh-Bénard convection.



https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-020-03107-1
Käufer, Theo; König, Jörg; Cierpka, Christian
Stereoscopic PIV measurements using low-cost action cameras. - In: Experiments in fluids, ISSN 1432-1114, Bd. 62 (2021), 3, 57, S. 1-16

Recently, large progress was made in the development towards low-cost PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) for industrial and educational applications. This paper presents the use of two low-cost action cameras for stereoscopic planar PIV. A continuous wave laser or alternatively an LED was used for illumination and pulsed by a frequency generator. A slight detuning of the light pulsation and camera frame rate minimizes systematic errors by the rolling shutter effect and allows for the synchronization of both cameras by postprocessing without the need of hardware synchronization. The setup was successfully qualified on a rotating particle pattern in a planar and stereoscopic configuration as well as on the jet of an aquarium pump. Since action cameras are intended to be used at outdoor activities, they are small, very robust and work autarkic. In conjunction with the synchronization and image pre-processing scheme presented herein, those cameras enable stereoscopic PIV in harsh environments and even on moving experiments.



https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-020-03110-6
Schricker, Klaus; Bergmann, Jean Pierre; Hopfeld, Marcus; Spieß, Lothar
Effect of thermoplastic morphology on mechanical properties in laser-assisted joining of polyamide 6 with aluminum. - In: Welding in the world, ISSN 1878-6669, Bd. 65 (2021), 4, S. 699-711

This paper examined the joining zone between semi-crystalline polyamide 6 and aluminum EN AW 6082 in laser-based joining and evaluated the mechanical properties of the joint. The joint tests were carried out in overlap configuration and a characterized in terms of energy per unit length. The mechanical properties were examined to the point of cohesive failure. An increasing energy per unit length resulted in a reduced crosshead displacement in short-term testing and a decreased fatigue strength. Further material testing was carried out locally at various positions within the joining zone. The mechanical properties were correlated with results of a hardness test, thermoplastic morphology, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). By combining the findings with heat-treated samples at elevated temperatures, secondary crystallization was identified and evidenced as a primary effect among the changes in mechanical properties due to the heat treatment of the thermoplastic material.



https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-020-01048-1
Boeck, Thomas; Sanjari, Seyed Loghman; Becker, Tatiana
Dynamics of a magnetic pendulum in the presence of an oscillating conducting plate. - In: Proceedings in applied mathematics and mechanics, ISSN 1617-7061, Bd. 20 (2021), 1, e202000083, insges. 2 S.

A pendulum with an attached permanent magnet moving near a conductor is a typical experiment for the demonstration of electromagnetic braking. When the conductor itself moves, it can transfer energy to the pendulum. We study a simple but exact analytical model where the conductor is a horizontally unbounded flat plate. For this geometry, eddy currents and induced Lorentz force due to the motion of a magnetic dipole are known analytically in the quasistatic limit. A vertical oscillation of such a horizontal plate located beneath the magnet is considered. In this setup, the vertical position of the pendulum is an equilibrium point when the magnetic moment of the magnet is perpendicular to its plane of motion. Depending on the strength of the magnetic dipole moment, the frequency and amplitude of the plate as well as the distance between plate and magnet, the plate oscillation can destabilize the equilibrium. The stability limits for weak electromagnetic coupling are computed analytically using the harmonic balancing method. For stronger coupling, the stability limits are obtained numerically using Floquet analysis. Chaotic motions with finite amplitudes are also found.



https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.202000083
Eichfelder, Gabriele; Warnow, Leo
Proximity measures based on KKT points for constrained multi-objective optimization. - In: Journal of global optimization, ISSN 1573-2916, Bd. 80 (2021), 1, S. 63-86

An important aspect of optimization algorithms, for instance evolutionary algorithms, are termination criteria that measure the proximity of the found solution to the optimal solution set. A frequently used approach is the numerical verification of necessary optimality conditions such as the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions. In this paper, we present a proximity measure which characterizes the violation of the KKT conditions. It can be computed easily and is continuous in every efficient solution. Hence, it can be used as an indicator for the proximity of a certain point to the set of efficient (Edgeworth-Pareto-minimal) solutions and is well suited for algorithmic use due to its continuity properties. This is especially useful within evolutionary algorithms for candidate selection and termination, which we also illustrate numerically for some test problems.



https://doi.org/10.1007/s10898-020-00971-3
Köhler, Tobias; Grätzel, Michael; Bergmann, Jean Pierre
Influence of different Ni coatings on the long-term behavior of ultrasonic welded EN AW 1370 cable/EN CW 004A arrestor dissimilar joints. - In: Welding in the world, ISSN 1878-6669, Bd. 65 (2021), 3, S. 429-440

The increasing demand for energy-efficient vehicles requires suitable methods for cost and weight reduction. This can be achieved by the replacement of copper by aluminum, in particular for the on-board power systems. However, the complete substitution is restricted by the mechanical and physical material properties of aluminum as well as challenges in the aluminum copper interface. The challenges concern the corrosion vulnerability and the occurrence of brittle intermetallic compounds (IMC) which can negatively influence the mechanical properties and the electrical conductivity. Therefore, current investigations focus on the one hand on the realization of dissimilar aluminum copper joints by suitable joining technologies, like ultrasonic welding, and on the other hand on the assurance of a sufficient prevention against harmful corrosion effects. In cases where the joint cannot be protected against corrosion by sealing, nickel coatings can be used to protect the joint. In the present study, the influence of electroless, electroplated, and sulfamate nickel coatings was investigated regarding the long-term stability. The joints were performed as industry-related arrester connections, consisting of EN AW 1370 cables and EN CW 004A terminals. The samples were exposed to corrosive as well as electrical, thermal, and mechanical stress tests according to current standards and regulations.



https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-020-01030-x
Eichfelder, Gabriele; Klamroth, Kathrin; Niebling, Julia
Nonconvex constrained optimization by a filtering branch and bound. - In: Journal of global optimization, ISSN 1573-2916, Bd. 80 (2021), 1, S. 31-61

A major difficulty in optimization with nonconvex constraints is to find feasible solutions. As simple examples show, the [alpha]BB-algorithm for single-objective optimization may fail to compute feasible solutions even though this algorithm is a popular method in global optimization. In this work, we introduce a filtering approach motivated by a multiobjective reformulation of the constrained optimization problem. Moreover, the multiobjective reformulation enables to identify the trade-off between constraint satisfaction and objective value which is also reflected in the quality guarantee. Numerical tests validate that we indeed can find feasible and often optimal solutions where the classical single-objective [alpha]BB method fails, i.e., it terminates without ever finding a feasible solution.



https://doi.org/10.1007/s10898-020-00956-2
Prinz, Sebastian; Thomann, Jana; Eichfelder, Gabriele; Boeck, Thomas; Schumacher, Jörg
Expensive multi-objective optimization of electromagnetic mixing in a liquid metal. - In: Optimization and engineering, ISSN 1573-2924, Bd. 22 (2021), 2, S. 1065-1089

This paper presents a novel trust-region method for the optimization of multiple expensive functions. We apply this method to a biobjective optimization problem in fluid mechanics, the optimal mixing of particles in a flow in a closed container. The three-dimensional time-dependent flows are driven by Lorentz forces that are generated by an oscillating permanent magnet located underneath the rectangular vessel. The rectangular magnet provides a spatially non-uniform magnetic field that is known analytically. The magnet oscillation creates a steady mean flow (steady streaming) similar to those observed from oscillating rigid bodies. In the optimization problem, randomly distributed mass-less particles are advected by the flow to achieve a homogeneous distribution (objective function 1) while keeping the work done to move the permanent magnet minimal (objective function 2). A single evaluation of these two objective functions may take more than two hours. For that reason, to save computational time, the proposed method uses interpolation models on trust-regions for finding descent directions. We show that, even for our significantly simplified model problem, the mixing patterns vary significantly with the control parameters, which justifies the use of improved optimization techniques and their further development.



https://doi.org/10.1007/s11081-020-09561-4
Schorr, Philipp; Carrillo Li, Enrique Roberto; Kaufhold, Tobias; Hernández, Jorge Antonio Rodríguez; Zentner, Lena; Zimmermann, Klaus; Böhm, Valter
Kinematic analysis of a rolling tensegrity structure with spatially curved members. - In: Meccanica, ISSN 1572-9648, Bd. 56 (2021), 4, S. 953-961

In this work, a tensegrity structure with spatially curved members is applied as rolling locomotion system. The actuation of the structure allows a variation of the originally cylindrical shape to a conical shape. Moreover, the structure is equipped with internal movable masses to control the position of the center of mass of the structure. To control the locomotion system a reliable actuation strategy is required. Therefore, the kinematics of the system considering the nonholonomic constraints are derived in this paper. Based on the resulting insight in the locomotion behavior a feasible actuation strategy is designed to control the trajectory of the system. To verify this approach kinematic analyses are evaluated numerically. The simulation data confirm the path following due to an appropriate shape change of the tensegrity structure. Thus, this system enables a two-dimensional rolling locomotion.



https://doi.org/10.1007/s11012-020-01199-x
Söllner, Fritz;
[Rezension von: Rindermann, Heiner, 1966-, Cognitive capitalism]. - In: Public choice. - New York, NY : Springer Science+Business Media LLC, [1968]- , ISSN: 1573-7101 , ZDB-ID: 1475723-0, ISSN 1573-7101, Bd. 187 (2021), 3/4, S. 527-531

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-020-00802-9
Xu, Rui; Du, Lei; Adekoya, David; Zhang, Gaixia; Zhang, Shanqing; Sun, Shuhui; Lei, Yong
Well-defined nanostructures for electrochemical energy conversion and storage. - In: Advanced energy materials, ISSN 1614-6840, Bd. 11 (2021), 15, 2001537, insges. 53 S.

Electrochemical energy conversion and storage play crucial roles in meeting the increasing demand for renewable, portable, and affordable power supplies for society. The rapid development of nanostructured materials provides an alternative route by virtue of their unique and promising effects emerging at nanoscale. In addition to finding advanced materials, structure design and engineering of electrodes improves the electrochemical performance and the resultant commercial competitivity. Regarding the structural engineering, controlling the geometrical parameters (i.e., size, shape, hetero-architecture, and spatial arrangement) of nanostructures and thus forming well-defined nanostructure (WDN) electrodes have been the central aspects of investigations and practical applications. This review discusses the fundamental aspects and concept of WDNs for energy conversion and storage, with a strong emphasis on illuminating the relationship between the structural characteristics and the resultant electrochemical superiorities. Key strategies for actualizing well-defined features in nanostructures are summarized. Electrocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis (for energy conversion) as well as metal-ion batteries and supercapacitors (for energy storage) are selected to illustrate the superiorities of WDNs in electrochemical reactions and charge carrier transportation. Finally, conclusions and perspectives regarding future research, development, and applications of WDNs are discussed.



https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202001537
Schweser, Thomas; Stiebitz, Michael
Partitions of hypergraphs under variable degeneracy constraints. - In: Journal of graph theory, ISSN 1097-0118, Bd. 96 (2021), 1, S. 7-33

https://doi.org/10.1002/jgt.22575
Song, Xinya; Cai, Hui; Jiang, Teng; Sennewald, Tom; Kircheis, Jan; Schlegel, Steffen; Noris Martinez, Leonel; Benzetta, Youcef; Westermann, Dirk
Research on performance of real-time simulation based on inverter-dominated power grid. - In: IEEE access, ISSN 2169-3536, Bd. 9 (2021), S. 1137-1153

https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3016177
Hunold, Alexander; Machts, René; Haueisen, Jens
Head phantoms for bioelectromagnetic applications: a material study. - In: Biomedical engineering online, ISSN 1475-925X, Bd. 19 (2020), 87, S. 1-14

Assessments of source reconstruction procedures in electroencephalography and computations of transcranial electrical stimulation profiles require verification and validation with the help of ground truth configurations as implemented by physical head phantoms. For these phantoms, synthetic materials are needed, which are mechanically and electrochemically stable and possess conductivity values similar to the modeled human head tissues. Three-compartment head models comprise a scalp layer with a conductivity range of 0.137 S/m to 2.1 S/m, a skull layer with conductivity values between 0.066 S/m and 0.00275 S/m, and an intracranial volume with an often-used average conductivity value of 0.33 S/m. To establish a realistically shaped physical head phantom with a well-defined volume conduction configuration, we here characterize the electrical conductivity of synthetic materials for modeling head compartments. We analyzed agarose hydrogel, gypsum, and sodium chloride (NaCl) solution as surrogate materials for scalp, skull, and intracranial volume. We measured the impedance of all materials when immersed in NaCl solution using a four-electrode setup. The measured impedance values were used to calculate the electrical conductivity values of each material. Further, the conductivities in the longitudinal and transverse directions of reed sticks immersed in NaCl solution were measured to test their suitability for mimicking the anisotropic conductivity of white matter tracts.



https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-020-00830-y
Budzinski, Oliver; Gänßle, Sophia; Stöhr, Annika
The proposal of a 10th amendment of German competition law: interventionism or laissez-faire? :
Der Entwurf zur 10. GWB Novelle: Interventionismus oder Laissez-faire?. - In: List Forum für Wirtschafts- und Finanzpolitik, ISSN 2364-3943, Bd. 46 (2020), 2, S. 157-184

https://doi.org/10.1007/s41025-020-00204-1
Rochyadi-Reetz, Mira; Budiono, Olivia Deskarina; Wolling, Jens
Regularity of a crisis: media framing of the 2015 transboundary haze issue in Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia. - In: Jurnal Komunikasi, ISSN 0128-1496, Bd. 36 (2020), 2, S. 415-433
Richtiger Name der Verfasserin: Olivia Deskarina Budiono

The problem of the haze caused by huge forest fires persists as an annual transboundary problem for Indonesia and the rest of Southeast Asia. In 2015, the problem was worse than ever before, affecting many countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and causing respiratory ailments for more than half a million Indonesians. This study explores the media framing of the haze problem in Indonesia from June to December 2015. Using Entman’s framing approach, it investigates how media outlets from Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore covered the crisis. Articles from six online media outlets published in these three countries were analysed. Using cluster analysis, this research identified three frames as follows: (1) crisis frame, (2) immediate action frame, and (3) regular problem frame. The first cluster/frame consists of articles giving high salience to all problems and causes of the forest fires provoking the haze. In contrast, the second frame mostly ignores causes and problems and focuses almost exclusively on the need for immediate action. The third frame, which represents more than 60% of the articles, covers the haze problem as a regular issue without emphasizing prominently either the different aspects of the problem itself or its causes and solutions. Further results show that the media in Singapore and Malaysia used the crisis frame more often than the media in Indonesia.



https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2020-3602-25
Boeck, Thomas; Sanjari, Seyed Loghman; Becker, Tatiana
Parametric instability of a magnetic pendulum in the presence of a vibrating conducting plate. - In: Nonlinear dynamics, ISSN 1573-269X, Bd. 102 (2020), 4, S. 2039-2056

A pendulum with an attached permanent magnet swinging in the vicinity of a conductor is a typical experiment for the demonstration of electromagnetic braking and Lenz law of induction. When the conductor itself moves, it can transfer energy to the pendulum. An exact analytical model of such an electromagnetic interaction is possible for a flat conducting plate. The eddy currents induced in the plate by a moving magnetic dipole and the resulting force and torque are known analytically in the quasistatic limit, i.e., when the magnetic diffusivity is sufficiently high to ensure an equilibrium of magnetic field advection and diffusion. This allows us to study a simple pendulum with a magnetic dipole moment in the presence of a horizontal plate oscillating in vertical direction. Equilibrium of the pendulum in the vertical position can be realized in three cases considered, i.e., when the magnetic moment is parallel to the rotation axis, or otherwise, its projection onto the plane of motion is either horizontal or vertical. The stability problem is described by a differential equation of Mathieu type with a damping term. Instability is only possible when the vibration amplitude and the distance between plate and magnet satisfy certain constraints related to the simultaneous excitation and damping effects of the plate. The nonlinear motion is studied numerically for the case when the magnetic moment and rotation axis are parallel. Chaotic behavior is found when the eigenfrequency is sufficiently small compared to the excitation frequency. The plate oscillation typically has a stabilizing effect on the inverted pendulum.



https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-020-06054-y
Angermeier, Sebastian; Karcher, Christian
Model-based condenser fan speed optimization of vapor compression systems. - In: Energies, ISSN 1996-1073, Bd. 13 (2020), 22, 6012, S. 1-26

Vapor compression systems (VCS) cover a wide range of applications and consume large amounts of energy. In this context, previous research identified the optimization of the condenser fans speed as a promising measure to improve the energy efficiency of VCS. The present paper introduces a steady-state modeling approach of an air-cooled VCS to predict the ideal condenser fan speed. The model consists of a hybrid characterization of the main components of a VCS and the optimization problem is formulated as minimizing the total energy consumption by respectively adjusting the condenser fan and compressor speed. In contrast to optimization strategies found in the literature, the proposed model does not relay on algorithms, but provides a single optimization term to predict the ideal fan speed. A detailed experimental validation demonstrates the feasibility of the model approach and further suggests that the ideal condenser fan speed can be calculated with sufficient precision, assuming constant evaporating pressure, compressor efficiency, subcooling, and superheating, respectively. In addition, a control strategy based on the developed model is presented, which is able to drive the VCS to its optimal operation. Therefore, the study provides a crucial input for set-point optimization and steady-state modeling of air-cooled vapor compression systems.



https://doi.org/10.3390/en13226012
Chehreh, Abootorab; Grätzel, Michael; Bergmann, Jean Pierre; Walther, Frank
Fatigue behavior of conventional and stationary shoulder friction stir welded EN AW-5754 aluminum alloy using load increase method. - In: Metals, ISSN 2075-4701, Bd. 10 (2020), 11, 1510, insges. 11 S.

https://doi.org/10.3390/met10111510
Zhang, Chen; Gebhart, Ingo; Kühmstedt, Peter; Rosenberger, Maik; Notni, Gunther
Enhanced contactless vital sign estimation from real-time multimodal 3D image data. - In: Journal of imaging, ISSN 2313-433X, Volume 6 (2020), issue 11, 123, Seite 1-15

https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging6110123
Glombiewski, Nikolaus; Götze, Philipp; Körber, Michael; Morgen, Andreas; Seeger, Bernhard
Designing an event store for a modern three-layer storage hierarchy. - In: Datenbank-Spektrum, ISSN 1610-1995, Bd. 20 (2020), 3, S. 211-222

Event stores face the difficult challenge of continuously ingesting massive temporal data streams while satisfying demanding query and recovery requirements. Many of today’s systems deal with multiple hardware-based trade-offs. For instance, long-term storage solutions balance keeping data in cheap secondary media (SSDs, HDDs) and performance-oriented main-memory caches. As an alternative, in-memory systems focus on performance, while sacrificing monetary costs, and, to some degree, recovery guarantees. The advent of persistent memory (PMem) led to a multitude of novel research proposals aiming to alleviate those trade-offs in various fields. So far, however, there is no proposal for a PMem-powered specialized event store.



https://doi.org/10.1007/s13222-020-00356-6
Xu, Rui; Wen, Liaoyong; Wang, Zhijie; Zhao, Huaping; Mu, Guannan; Zeng, Zhiqiang; Zhou, Min; Bohm, Sebastian; Zhang, Huanming; Wu, Yuhan; Runge, Erich; Lei, Yong
Programmable multiple plasmonic resonances of nanoparticle superlattice for enhancing photoelectrochemical activity. - In: Advanced functional materials, ISSN 1616-3028, Bd. 30 (2020), 48, 2005170, insges. 10 S.

https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202005170
Schricker, Klaus; Alhomsi, Mohammad; Bergmann, Jean Pierre
Thermal efficiency in laser-assisted joining of polymer-metal composites. - In: Materials, ISSN 1996-1944, Bd. 13 (2020), 21, 4875, insges. 16 S.

https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13214875
Raake, Alexander; Borer, Silvio; Satti, Shahid M.; Gustafsson, Jörgen; Ramachandra Rao, Rakesh Rao; Medagli, Stefano; List, Peter; Göring, Steve; Lindero, David; Robitza, Werner; Heikkilä, Gunnar; Broom, Simon; Schmidmer, Christian; Feiten, Bernhard; Wüstenhagen, Ulf; Wittmann, Thomas; Obermann, Matthias; Bitto, Roland
Multi-model standard for bitstream-, pixel-based and hybrid video quality assessment of UHD/4K: ITU-T P.1204. - In: IEEE access, ISSN 2169-3536, Bd. 8 (2020), S. 193020-193049

https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3032080
Angermeier, Sebastian; Ketterer, Jonas; Karcher, Christian
Liquid-based battery temperature control of electric buses. - In: Energies, ISSN 1996-1073, Bd. 13 (2020), 19, 4990, S. 1-20

Previous research identified that battery temperature control is critical to the safety, lifetime, and performance of electric vehicles. In this paper, the liquid-based battery temperature control of electric buses is investigated subject to heat transfer behavior and control strategy. Therefore, a new transient calculation method is proposed to simulate the thermal behavior of a coolant-cooled battery system. The method is based on the system identification technique and combines the advantage of low computational effort and high accuracy. In detail, four transfer functions are extracted by a thermo-hydraulic 3D simulation model comprising 12 prismatic lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) cells, housing, arrestors, and a cooling plate. The transfer functions describe the relationship between heat generation, cell temperature, and coolant temperature. A vehicle model calculates the power consumption of an electric bus and thus provides the input for the transient calculation. Furthermore, a cell temperature control strategy is developed with respect to the constraints of a refrigerant-based battery cooling unit. The data obtained from the simulation demonstrate the high thermal inertia of the system and suggest sufficient control of the battery temperature using a quasi-stationary cooling strategy. Thereby, the study reveals a crucial design input for battery cooling systems in terms of heat transfer behavior and control strategy.



https://doi.org/10.3390/en13194990
Solf, Benjamin; Schramm, Stefan; Blum, Maren-Christina; Klee, Sascha
The influence of the stimulus design on the harmonic components of the steady-state visual evoked potential. - In: Frontiers in human neuroscience, ISSN 1662-5161, Bd. 14 (2020), 343, insges. 11 S.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2020.00343
Lasch, Robert; Oukid, Ismail; Dementiev, Roman; May, Norman; Demirsoy, Suleyman S.; Sattler, Kai-Uwe
Faster & strong: string dictionary compression using sampling and fast vectorized decompression. - In: The VLDB journal, ISSN 0949-877X, Bd. 29 (2020), 6, S. 1263-1285

String dictionaries constitute a large portion of the memory footprint of database applications. While strong string dictionary compression algorithms exist, these come with impractical access and compression times. Therefore, lightweight algorithms such as front coding (PFC) are favored in practice. This paper endeavors to make strong string dictionary compression practical. We focus on Re-Pair Front Coding (RPFC), a grammar-based compression algorithm, since it consistently offers better compression ratios than other algorithms in the literature. To accelerate compression times, we propose block-based RPFC (BRPFC) which consists in independently compressing small blocks of the dictionary. For further accelerated compression times especially on large string dictionaries, we also propose an alternative version of BRPFC that uses sampling to speed up compression. Moreover, to accelerate access times, we devise a vectorized access method, using Intel® Advanced Vector Extensions 512 (Intel® AVX-512). Our experimental evaluation shows that sampled BRPFC offers compression times up to 190 × faster than RPFC, and random string lookups 2.3 × faster than RPFC on average. These results move our modified RPFC into a practical range for use in database systems because the overhead of Re-Pair-based compression for access times can be reduced by 2 ×.



https://doi.org/10.1007/s00778-020-00620-x
Al-Sayeh, Hani; Hagedorn, Stefan; Sattler, Kai-Uwe
A gray-box modeling methodology for runtime prediction of Apache Spark jobs. - In: Distributed and parallel databases, ISSN 1573-7578, Bd. 38 (2020), 4, S. 819-839

Apache Spark jobs are often characterized by processing huge data sets and, therefore, require runtimes in the range of minutes to hours. Thus, being able to predict the runtime of such jobs would be useful not only to know when the job will finish, but also for scheduling purposes, to estimate monetary costs for cloud deployment, or to determine an appropriate cluster configuration, such as the number of nodes. However, predicting Spark job runtimes is much more challenging than for standard database queries: cluster configuration and parameters have a significant performance impact and jobs usually contain a lot of user-defined code making it difficult to estimate cardinalities and execution costs. In this paper, we present a gray-box modeling methodology for runtime prediction of Apache Spark jobs. Our approach comprises two steps: first, a white-box model for predicting the cardinalities of the input RDDs of each operator is built based on prior knowledge about the behavior and application parameters such as applied filters data, number of iterations, etc. In the second step, a black-box model for each task constructed by monitoring runtime metrics while varying allocated resources and input RDD cardinalities is used. We further show how to use this gray-box approach not only for predicting the runtime of a given job, but also as part of a decision model for reusing intermediate cached results of Spark jobs. Our methodology is validated with experimental evaluation showing a highly accurate prediction of the actual job runtime and a performance improvement if intermediate results can be reused.



https://doi.org/10.1007/s10619-020-07286-y
Stöhr, Annika; Budzinski, Oliver; Jasper, Jörg
The new E.ON on the German electricity market - competitive impact of the innogy acquisition :
Die neue E.ON auf dem deutschen Strommarkt - wettbewerbliche Auswirkungen der innogy-Übernahme. - In: List Forum für Wirtschafts- und Finanzpolitik, ISSN 2364-3943, Bd. 45 (2020), 3, S. 295-317

Der Deal der beiden größten deutschen Energielieferanten RWE und E.ON zum Tausch verschiedener Geschäftseinheiten, welcher Mitte September 2019 genehmigt wurde, wird den deutschen Energiemarkt wesentlich umstrukturieren und sowohl im Bereich Erzeugung als auch im Vertrieb zu jeweils einem dominanten Wettbewerber führen. E.ON wird dabei durch die Übernahme der innogy Geschäfte im Bereich des klassischen Energievertriebs und der Ladeinfrastruktur für Elektrofahrzeuge wesentliche Wettbewerbsvorteile erhalten. Dazu zählt unter anderem der Zugang zu einer Vielzahl an Messstellen und damit Datensätzen im Bereich des Haushalts- und Geschäftskundenvertriebs. Die Auswertung und Nutzung dieser Datensätze eröffnet dem zusammengeschlossenen Unternehmen neue Geschäftsfelder, aber auch Möglichkeiten die dominante Stellung auf dem Markt zu missbrauchen. Dieser Beitrag widmet sich den potenziellen Auswirkungen der innogy-Übernahme durch E.ON in den Bereichen klassischer Vertrieb und E‑Mobilität, in welchen die angesprochenen Aspekte der Datenökonomik eine wesentliche Rolle spielen. Des Weiteren werden die Auswirkungen der Marktumstrukturierung auf den Konzessionsmarkt betrachtet und die politökonomische Dimension des Zusammenschlusses erläutert. Wir schließen mit einer Kurzanalyse der Erlaubnisentscheidung und der damit verbundenen Auflagen und kommen zu dem Schluss, dass diese nicht geeignet sind, die erheblichen anti-kompetitiven Auswirkungen des Zusammenschlusses einzudämmen oder zu verhindern.



https://doi.org/10.1007/s41025-020-00185-1
Zhang, Chenglin; Xu, Yang; He, Kaiming; Dong, Yulian; Zhao, Huaping; Medenbach, Lukas; Wu, Yuhan; Balducci, Andrea; Hannappel, Thomas; Lei, Yong
Polyimide@Ketjenblack composite: a porous organic cathode for fast rechargeable potassium-ion batteries. - In: Small, ISSN 1613-6829, Bd. 16 (2020), 38, 2002953, insges. 8 S.

Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) configurated by organic electrodes have been identified as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries. Here, a porous organic PolyimideKetjenblack is demonstrated in PIBs as a cathode, which exhibits excellent performance with a large reversible capacity (143 mAh g^-1 at 100 mA g^-1), high rate capability (125 and 105 mAh g^-1 at 1000 and 5000 mA g^-1), and long cycling stability (76% capacity retention at 2000 mA g^-1 over 1000 cycles). The domination of fast capacitive-like reaction kinetics is verified, which benefits from the porous structure synthesized using in situ polymerization. Moreover, a renewable and low-cost full cell is demonstrated with superior rate behavior (106 mAh g^-1 at 3200 mA g^-1). This work proposes a strategy to design polymer electrodes for high-performance organic PIBs.



https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202002953
Gruia, Violeta-Tincuta; Ispas, Adriana; Efimov, Igor; Bund, Andreas
Cation exchange behavior during the redox switching of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) films. - In: Journal of solid state electrochemistry, ISSN 1433-0768, Bd. 24 (2020), 11/12, S. 3231-3244

Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), PEDOT, films were synthesized at room temperature by potentiodynamic and potentiostatic step deposition in aqueous solutions containing EDOT monomer and LiClO4. In some solutions, the effect of small amounts of sodium dodecylsulfate, SDS, on the polymerization rate of EDOT and on the stiffness of the obtained PEDOT film was studied. The obtained PEDOT films were transferred in aqueous solutions containing cations with different molar mass, such as H+, Li+, Na+, K+, and Cs+. The apparent molar masses of the exchanged species during potentiodynamic experiments were determined by in situ microgravimetry. These measurements underlined the importance of the electrolyte chosen for electropolymerization process. It is known that SDS anions can be trapped inside the polymer layer during electropolymerization, providing them with a cation exchange behavior. However, even if the PEDOT films were deposited from an electrolyte without SDS, they still acted as cation exchangers.



https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-020-04809-6
Semper, Sebastian; Döbereiner, Michael; Pawar, Sankalp; Landmann, Markus; Del Galdo, Giovanni
eadf: representation of far-field antenna responses in Python. - In: SoftwareX, ISSN 2352-7110, Bd. 12 (2020), 100583, S. 1-6

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2020.100583
Kuznietsova, Halyna; Dziubenko, Natalia; Herheliuk, Tetiana; Prylutskyy, Yuriy; Täuscher, Eric; Ritter, Uwe; Scharff, Peter
Water-soluble pristine C60 fullerene inhibits liver alterations associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in rat. - In: Pharmaceutics, ISSN 1999-4923, Bd. 12 (2020), 9, 794, S. 1-20
Richtiger Name des Verfassers: Eric Täuscher

https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12090794
Schweitzer, Dietrich; Haueisen, Jens; Brauer, Jakob Lauritz; Hammer, Martin; Klemm, Matthias
Comparison of algorithms to suppress artifacts from the natural lens in fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO). - In: Biomedical optics express, ISSN 2156-7085, Bd. 11 (2020), 10, S. 5586-5602

https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.400059
Schricker, Klaus; Ganß, Martin; Könke, Carsten; Bergmann, Jean Pierre
Feasibility study of using integrated fiber optical sensors to monitor laser-assisted metal-polymer joining. - In: Welding in the world, ISSN 1878-6669, Bd. 64 (2020), 9, S. 1565-1578

The possibilities and challenges of using fiber optical sensors to monitor the laser-assisted joining of metal-polymer joints have been described in this article. Fundamental investigation proves the basic suitability of the measuring method for this application and studies the effect of essential influencing variables of the joining process - e.g., the clamping force - on the resulting sensor signals. In addition, the strain state (because of the process temperature and shrinkage of the polymer) of the parts to be joined can be traced as a function of the joining partners, the process parameters, and the material thicknesses. It is shown that the fiber optical method is suitable for process monitoring directly in the joining zone of metal-polymer hybrids and providing a tool for detailed strain measurements in the joint zone during subsequent component testing.



https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-020-00942-y
Köhler, Michael; Beetz, Nancy; Günther, Mike; Möller, Frances; Schüler, Tim; Cao-Riehmer, Jialan
Microbial community types and signature-like soil bacterial patterns from fortified prehistoric hills of Thuringia (Germany). - In: Community ecology, ISSN 1588-2756, Bd. 21 (2020), 2, S. 107-120

16S rRNA profiling has been applied for the investigation of bacterial communities of surface soil samples from forest-covered areas of ten prehistorical ramparts from different parts of Thuringia. Besides the majority bacterial types that are present in all samples, there could be identified bacteria that are highly abundant in some places and absent or low abundant in others. These differences are mainly related to the acidity of substrate and distinguish the communities of lime stone hills from soils of sand/quartzite and basalt hills. Minority components of bacterial communities show partially large differences that cannot be explained by the pH of the soil or incidental effects, only. They reflect certain relations between the communities of different places and could be regarded as a kind of signature-like patterns. Such relations had also been found in a comparison of the data from ramparts with formerly studied 16S rRNA profiling from an iron-age burial field. The observations are supporting the idea that a part of the components of bacterial communities from soil samples reflect their ecological history and can be understood as the "ecological memory" of a place. Probably such memory effects can date back to prehistoric times and might assist in future interpretations of archaeological findings on the prehistoric use of a place, on the one hand. On the other hand, the genetic profiling of soils of prehistoric places contributes to the evaluation of anthropogenic effects on the development of local soil bacterial diversity.



https://doi.org/10.1007/s42974-020-00017-4
Halm, Cynthia; Otto, Andreas; Stark, Tilman; Schaaf, Peter
Ultrasonic excitation during press-fit joining of electrical contacts. - In: The international journal of advanced manufacturing technology, ISSN 1433-3015, Bd. 109 (2020), 7/8, S. 2215-2220

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05760-6
Budzinski, Oliver; Grebel, Thomas; Wolling, Jens; Zhang, Xijie
Drivers of article processing charges in open access. - In: Scientometrics, ISSN 1588-2861, Bd. 124 (2020), 3, S. 2185-2206

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03578-3
Döring, Nicola; Mohseni, Rohangis; Walter, Roberto
Design, use, and effects of sex dolls and sex robots: scoping review. - In: Journal of medical internet research, ISSN 1438-8871, Bd. 22 (2020), 7, e18551, S. 1-28

https://doi.org/10.2196/18551
Bang-Jensen, Jørgen; Bellitto, Thomas; Schweser, Thomas; Stiebitz, Michael
On DP-coloring of digraphs. - In: Journal of graph theory, ISSN 1097-0118, Bd. 95 (2020), 1, S. 76-98

https://doi.org/10.1002/jgt.22535
Jaziri, Nesrine; Boughamoura, Ayda; Müller, Jens; Mezghani, Brahim; Tounsi, Fares; Ismail, Mohammed
A comprehensive review of thermoelectric generators: technologies and common applications. - In: Energy reports, ISSN 2352-4847, Bd. 6 (2020), S. 264-287

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2019.12.011
Damanik, Ferdinandus Sarjanadi; Lange, Günther
Influence of MWCNT coated nickel on the foaming behavior of MWCNT coated nickel reinforced AlMg4Si8 foam by powder metallurgy process. - In: Metals, ISSN 2075-4701, Bd. 10 (2020), 7, 955, insges. 9 S.

This research studies the effect of multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) coated nickel to foaming time on the foam expansion and the distribution of pore sizes MWCNT reinforced AlMg4Si8 foam composite by powder metallurgy process. To control interface reactivity and wettability between MWCNT and the metal matrix, nickel coating is carried out on the MWCNT surface. Significantly, different foaming behavior of the MWCNT coated nickel reinforced AlMg4Si8 was studied with a foaming time variation of 8 and 9 min. Digital images generated by the imaging system are used with the MATLAB R2017a algorithm to determine the porosity of the surface and the pore area of aluminum foam efficiently. The results can have important implications for processing MWCNT coated nickel reinforced aluminum alloy composites.



https://doi.org/10.3390/met10070955
Wang, Hongmei; Xiong, Jie; Cheng, Xing; Chen, Ge; Kups, Thomas; Wang, Dong; Schaaf, Peter
Hydrogen-nitrogen plasma assisted synthesis of titanium dioxide with enhanced performance as anode for sodium ion batteries. - In: Scientific reports, ISSN 2045-2322, Bd. 10 (2020), 11817, S. 1-12

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68838-x
Blum, Maren-Christina; Hunold, Alexander; Solf, Benjamin; Klee, Sascha
The effects of an ocular direct electrical stimulation on pattern-reversal electroretinogram. - In: Frontiers in neuroscience, ISSN 1662-453X, Bd. 14 (2020), 588, S. 1-9

https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00588
Pezoldt, Jörg; Cimalla, Volker
Imprinting the polytype structure of silicon carbide by rapid thermal processing. - In: Crystals, ISSN 2073-4352, Bd. 10 (2020), 6, 523, insges. 21 S.

https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10060523
Du Puits, Ronald; Bruecker, Christoph
Fluctuations of the wall shear stress vector in a large-scale natural convection cell. - In: AIP Advances, ISSN 2158-3226, Bd. 10 (2020), 7, 075105, insges. 10 S.

https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0006610
Gierth, Maximilian; Henckell, Philipp; Ali, Yarop; Scholl, Jonas; Bergmann, Jean Pierre
Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) of aluminium alloy AlMg5Mn with energy-reduced gas metal arc welding (GMAW). - In: Materials, ISSN 1996-1944, Bd. 13 (2020), 12, 2671, insges. 22 S.

https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13122671
Cao-Riehmer, Jialan; Richter, Felix; Kastl, Michael; Erdmann, Jonny; Burgold, Christian; Dittrich, David; Schneider, Steffen; Köhler, Michael; Groß, Gregor Alexander
Droplet-based screening for the investigation of microbial nonlinear dose-response characteristics system, background, and examples. - In: Micromachines, ISSN 2072-666X, Bd. 11 (2020), 6, 577, insges. 19 S.

https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11060577
Adekitan, Aderibigbe Israel;
A new definition of voltage unbalance using supply phase shift. - In: Journal of control, automation and electrical systems, ISSN 2195-3899, Bd. 31 (2020), 3, S. 718-725

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40313-020-00579-8
Cretu, Andrea; Mattea, Carlos; Stapf, Siegfried; Ardelean, Ioan
The effect of silica fume and organosilane addition on the porosity of cement paste. - In: Molecules, ISSN 1420-3049, Bd. 25 (2020), 8, 1762, insges. 9 S.

https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081762
Henckell, Philipp; Gierth, Maximilian; Ali, Yarop; Reimann, Jan; Bergmann, Jean Pierre
Reduction of energy input in wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) with gas metal arc welding (GMAW). - In: Materials, ISSN 1996-1944, Bd. 13 (2020), 11, 2491, insges. 18 S.

https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13112491
Dutz, Silvio; Buske, Norbert; Landers, Joachim; Gräfe, Christine; Wende, Heiko; Clement, Joachim H.
Biocompatible magnetic fluids of Co-doped iron oxide nanoparticles with tunable magnetic properties. - In: Nanomaterials, ISSN 2079-4991, Bd. 10 (2020), 6, 1019, insges. 19 S.

https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10061019
Kielpinski, Mark; Walther, Oliver; Cao-Riehmer, Jialan; Henkel, Thomas; Köhler, Michael; Groß, Gregor Alexander
Microfluidic chamber design for controlled droplet expansion and coalescence. - In: Micromachines, ISSN 2072-666X, Bd. 11 (2020), 4, 394, insges. 16 S.

https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11040394
Naskovska, Kristina; Lau, Stephan; Korobkov, Alexey A.; Haueisen, Jens; Haardt, Martin
Coupled CP decomposition of simultaneous MEG-EEG signals for differentiating oscillators during photic driving. - In: Frontiers in neuroscience, ISSN 1662-453X, Bd. 14 (2020), 261, S. 1-18

https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00261
Weise, Konstantin; Poßner, Lucas; Müller, Erik; Gast, Richard; Knösche, Thomas R.
Pygpc: a sensitivity and uncertainty analysis toolbox for Python. - In: SoftwareX, ISSN 2352-7110, Bd. 11 (2020), 100450, S. 1-6

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2020.100450
Moller, Sebastian; Resagk, Christian; Cierpka, Christian
On the application of neural networks for temperature field measurements using thermochromic liquid crystals. - In: Experiments in fluids, ISSN 1432-1114, Bd. 61 (2020), 4, 111, S. 1-21

This study presents an investigation regarding the applicability of neural networks for temperature measurements using thermochromic liquid crystals (TLCs) and discusses advantages as well as disadvantages of common calibration approaches. For the characterization of the measurement technique, the dependency of the color of the TLCs on the temperature as well as on the observation angle and, therefore, on the position within the field of view of a color camera is analyzed in detail. In order to consider the influence of the position within the field of view on the color, neural networks are applied for the calibration of the temperature measurements. In particular, the focus of this study is on analysis of the error of temperature measurement for different network configurations as well as training methods, yielding a mean absolute deviation and a mean standard deviation in the range of 0.1 K for instantaneous measurements. On the basis of a comparison of this standard deviation to that of two further calibration approaches, it is shown that neural networks are suited for temperature measurements via the color of TLCs. Finally, the applicability of this measurement technique is illustrated at an exemplary temperature measurement in a horizontal plane of a Rayleigh-Bénard cell with large aspect ratio, which clearly shows the emergence of convective flow patterns by means of the temperature field.



https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-020-2943-7
Kostochka, Alexandr V.; Stiebitz, Michael
The minimum number of edges in 4-critical digraphs of given order. - In: Graphs and combinatorics, ISSN 1435-5914, Bd. 36 (2020), 3, S. 703-718

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00373-020-02147-y
Kröger, Jörg; Néel, Nicolas; Wehling, Tim O.; Brandbyge, Mads
Local probes of graphene lattice dynamics. - In: Small Methods, ISSN 2366-9608, Volume 4 (2020), issue 5, 1900817, 18 Seiten

https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.201900817
Ghoshal, Sushanta; Mattea, Carlos; Denner, Paul; Stapf, Siegfried
Effect of initial conformation on the starch biopolymer film formation studied by NMR. - In: Molecules, ISSN 1420-3049, Bd. 25 (2020), 5, 1227, insges. 17 S.

https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051227
Heinemann, David; Dutz, Silvio; Knabner, Steffen; Haueisen, Jens; Baumgarten, Daniel
Camera calibration and orientation for PCB jet printing inspection. - In: SN applied sciences, ISSN 2523-3971, Bd. 2 (2020), 3, 322, insges. 14 S.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-2087-7
Kronfeld, Klaus-Peter; Ellinger, Thomas; Köhler, Michael
Microfluidically prepared sensor particles for determination of chloride by fluorescence quenching of matrix-embedded lucigenin. - In: SN applied sciences, ISSN 2523-3971, Bd. 2 (2020), 3, 366, insges. 8 S.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-2155-z
Stauffenberg, Jaqueline; Durstewitz, Steve; Hofmann, Martin; Ivanov, Tzvetan; Holz, Mathias; Ehrhardt, Waleed; Riegel, Wolf-Ulrich; Zöllner, Jens-Peter; Manske, Eberhard; Rangelow, Ivo W.
Determination of the mixing ratio of a flowing gas mixture with self-actuated microcantilevers. - In: Journal of sensors and sensor systems, ISSN 2194-878X, Bd. 9 (2020), 1, S. 71-78

https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-71-2020
Leimbach, Martin; Tschaar, Christoph; Schmidt, Udo; Bund, Andreas
Low-frequency pulse plating for tailoring the optical appearance of chromium layers for decorative applications. - In: Journal of applied electrochemistry, ISSN 1572-8838, Bd. 50 (2020), 4, S. 489-499

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-020-01406-3
Yan, Chengzhan; Zhao, Huaping; Li, Jun; Jin, Huile; Liu, Long; Wu, Wanyi; Wang, Jichang; Lei, Yong; Wang, Shun
Mild-temperature solution-assisted encapsulation of phosphorus into ZIF-8 derived porous carbon as lithium-ion battery anode. - In: Small, ISSN 1613-6829, Bd. 16 (2020), 11, 1907141, insges. 7 S.

https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201907141
Krey, Maximilian; Hähnlein, Bernd; Tonisch, Katja; Krischok, Stefan; Töpfer, Hannes
Automated parameter extraction of ScAlN MEMS devices using an extended Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. - In: Sensors, ISSN 1424-8220, Bd. 20 (2020), 4, 1001, insges. 19 S.

https://doi.org/10.3390/s20041001
Müller, Steffen; Wengefeld, Tim; Trinh, Thanh Quang; Aganian, Dustin; Eisenbach, Markus; Groß, Horst-Michael
A multi-modal person perception framework for socially interactive mobile service robots. - In: Sensors, ISSN 1424-8220, Bd. 20 (2020), 3, 722, insges. 18 S.

https://doi.org/10.3390/s20030722
Böttcher, René; Ispas, Adriana; Bund, Andreas
Anodic dissolution of aluminum and anodic passivation in [EMIm]Cl-based ionic liquids. - In: Electrochemistry communications, ISSN 1873-1902, Bd. 115 (2020), 106720, S. 1-6

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2020.106720