Stiffness considerations for a MEMS-based weighing cell. - In: Sensors, ISSN 1424-8220, Bd. 23 (2023), 6, 3342, S. 1-15
In this paper, a miniaturized weighing cell that is based on a micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) is discussed. The MEMS-based weighing cell is inspired by macroscopic electromagnetic force compensation (EMFC) weighing cells and one of the crucial system parameters, the stiffness, is analyzed. The system stiffness in the direction of motion is first analytically evaluated using a rigid body approach and then also numerically modeled using the finite element method for comparison purposes. First prototypes of MEMS-based weighing cells were successfully microfabricated and the occurring fabrication-based system characteristics were considered in the overall system evaluation. The stiffness of the MEMS-based weighing cells was experimentally determined by using a static approach based on force-displacement measurements. Considering the geometry parameters of the microfabricated weighing cells, the measured stiffness values fit to the calculated stiffness values with a deviation from -6.7 to 3.8% depending on the microsystem under test. Based on our results, we demonstrate that MEMS-based weighing cells can be successfully fabricated with the proposed process and in principle be used for high-precision force measurements in the future. Nevertheless, improved system designs and read-out strategies are still required.
https://doi.org/10.3390/s23063342
Preliminary theoretical and experimental investigations on manipulators based on compliant tensegrity structures :
Theoretische und experimentelle Voruntersuchungen von Manipulatoren auf Basis von nachgiebigen Tensegrity-Strukturen. - In: Neunte IFToMM D-A-CH Konferenz 2023, (2023), insges. 2 S.
https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/77397
Analytical description of transversally symmetrical hinges :
Analytische Beschreibung transversalsymmetrischer Gelenke. - In: Neunte IFToMM D-A-CH Konferenz 2023, (2023), insges. 2 S.
https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/77402
A compliant mechanism with an adjustable characteristic curve through bistability :
Ein nachgiebiger Mechanismus mit einstellbarer charakteristischer Kennlinie durch Bistabilität. - In: Neunte IFToMM D-A-CH Konferenz 2023, (2023), insges. 2 S.
https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/77388
Effiziente parametrisierte Fahrzeugarchitekturauslegung in der frühen Konzeptphase. - In: Neunte IFToMM D-A-CH Konferenz 2023, (2023), insges. 2 S.
https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/77391
Beitrag zur Minimierung der Insertionskräfte von Cochlea-Implantat-Elektrodenträgern : Untersuchung gerader, lateral liegender Elektrodenträger sowie deren Funktionalisierung mittels nachgiebiger Aktuatoren. - Ilmenau : Universitätsverlag Ilmenau, 2023. - 1 Online-Ressource (172 Seiten). - (Berichte der Ilmenauer Mechanismentechnik (BIMT) ; Band 8)
Technische Universität Ilmenau, Dissertation 2022
Sensorineurale Hörstörungen können mit einem Cochlea-Implantat behandelt werden. Der zu implantierende Teil des Cochlea-Implantat-Systems besteht aus Empfängerspule und Elektrodenträger. Der Elektrodenträger wird vom Chirurgen in die Cochlea inseriert, um dort die geschädigten Haarzellen zu ersetzen und die elektrische Stimulation des Hörnervs zu übernehmen. Diese manuelle Insertion des Elektrodenträgers in die Cochlea soll möglichst vorsichtig erfolgen, um keine intra-cochleären Strukturen zu beschädigen sowie post-operative Entzündungen und die iatrogene Ertaubung von Patienten mit Restgehör zu vermeiden, weswegen für diese Herangehensweise der Begriff „Soft Surgery“ geprägt wurde (Lehnhardt (1993), „Intracochlear placement of cochlear implant electrodes in soft surgery technique“). Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit dem Elektrodenträger und dessen Insertionsprozess in die Cochlea. Dazu werden zunächst digitale und anschließend physikalische, planare Modelle der humanen Cochlea erstellt, die die morphologische Variation abbilden. Diese werden anschließend für Insertionsstudien verwendet, welche dazu dienen, die Insertionskräfte während der Insertion zu messen. Es werden Einflussfaktoren auf den Insertionsprozess systematisiert und drei davon anhand von Studien mit eigens hergestellten Labormustern untersucht: Die Geometrie der Cochleamodelle, die Insertionsgeschwindigkeit des Elektrodenträgers und eine Beschichtung des Elektrodenträgers. Die Insertionsstudie in Cochleamodelle unterschiedlicher Größe wird verwendet, um die Abhängigkeit der Insertionskräfte von der Geometrie der Modelle zu analysieren. Der Einfluss der Insertionsgeschwindigkeiten und die Beschichtung des Elektrodenträgers werden mit dem Ziel einer Reduktion der Insertionskräfte untersucht. Abschließend wird ein fluidisch-aktuierter, nachgiebiger Mechanismus zur Funktionalisierung des Elektrodenträgers betrachtet. Zunächst wird ein im spannungsfreien Zustand gerader Mechanismus analysiert. Die Skalierbarkeit des vorgeschlagenen nachgiebigen Mechanismus wird analytisch und numerisch gezeigt. Anschließend liefert die Synthese des fluidmechanischen Aktuators dessen geometrische Maße, um unter Druckbeaufschlagung mit definiertem Druck einer vorgegebenen Form zu entsprechen. Diese Synthese wird angewandt, um die Geometrien eines nachgiebigen Mechanismus für drei unterschiedlich große Formen der Cochlea zu bestimmen.
https://doi.org/10.22032/dbt.53719
Free vibration of compliant mechanisms based on Euler-Bernoulli-Beams. - In: Microactuators, Microsensors and Micromechanisms, (2023), S. 1-18
This paper presents an analytical approach for computing the natural frequencies of planar compliant mechanisms consisting of any number of beam segments. The approach is based on the Euler-Bernoulli Beam theory and the transfer matrix method (TMM), which means there is no need for a global dynamics equation, but instead low-order matrices are used which result in high computational efficiency. Each beam segment is elastic, thin, has a different rectangular cross-section or a different orientation and is treated as an Euler-Bernoulli beam. The approach in principle does not differentiate between the flexure hinges, and the more rigid beam sections, both are treated as beams. The difference in stiffness solely results from the changes in the cross sections and length. A finite element analysis (FEA), as often used in practical applications, has been carried out for various geometries to serve as state-of-the-art reference models to which the results obtained by the presented analytical method could be compared. Various test specimens (TS) consisting of concentrated and distributed compliance in various degrees of complexity were produced and measured in free- and forced vibration testing. The results from experiments and the FEA compared to those of the proposed method are in very good correlation with an average deviation of 1.42%. Furthermore, the analytical method is implemented into a readily accessible computer-based calculation tool which allows to calculate the natural frequencies efficiently and to easily vary different parameters.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20353-4_1
Analytical characterization of spatial compliant mechanisms using beam theory. - In: Microactuators, Microsensors and Micromechanisms, (2023), S. 61-76
Due to the advantages of compliant mechanisms, they are widely used in technical fields such as precision engineering, measurement and medical technology. The movement of the mostly monolithically designed mechanisms is primarily achieved by bending the individual structural sections. Due to geometric nonlinearities caused by large deflections, the analytical description of the deformation behavior under the influence of external loads is not trivial. While plane compliant mechanisms can be reliably calculated with different models, the analysis of spatial compliant mechanisms is accordingly more difficult. Due to the complexity of the motion, simplifications are often made in the model assumptions, which have a detrimental effect on the precision of the results. Therefore, this paper presents a method to apply nonlinear beam theory to complex spatial structures that can include both curved sections and sections with non-constant cross-sections. Using selected examples of varying complexity, the model is validated using FEM simulations. In addition, a procedure to characterize branched spatial compliant mechanisms with the proposed analytical model and to calculate their deformation is explained. By efficiently solving the analytical model numerically, the deformed state of the mechanism can be obtained in seconds. Therefore, the model is particularly suitable for early stages of development or iterative synthesis tasks.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20353-4_5
Development of a database to simulate and adapt compliant mechanisms to a given characteristic for improving energy efficiency of a walking robot. - In: Microactuators, Microsensors and Micromechanisms, (2023), S. 46-60
Compliant mechanisms with variable geometric parameters are investigated for the application in a bipedal robot to improve its walking efficiency. These mechanisms have nonlinear torque-angle characteristics and act like torsion springs to change the systems free oscillation frequency. High energy efficiency is achieved if the free oscillation frequency matches the step frequency, meaning the that the robot walks in resonance. For this purpose, the desired characteristic of the optimized elastic coupling is identified via optimization. Then, a database is developed, which consists of boundary conditions and beam elements. In this paper, there are three boundary conditions and three beam elements for demonstration purpose. To simulate a large number of compliant mechanisms with different characteristics, two boundary conditions and a beam element can be combined. The boundary conditions serve as bearing types to connect the beam element to the thighs of a robot. The large deformation behavior is assumed to be simulated by the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, which is validated by FEM models. Thus, the desired characteristic from the proceeding optimization process is realized by a specific compliant mechanism.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20353-4_4
Microactuators, Microsensors and Micromechanisms : MAMM 2022
1st ed. 2023.. - Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. - 1 Online-Ressource(XIII, 364 p. 234 illus., 186 illus. in color.). - (Mechanisms and Machine Science ; 126) ISBN 978-3-031-20353-4
This book brings together investigations which combine theoretical and experimental results related to such systems as flexure hinges and compliant mechanisms for precision applications, the non-linear analytical modeling of compliant mechanisms, mechanical systems using compliance as a bipedal robot and reconfigurable tensegrity systems and micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) as energy efficient micro-robots, microscale force compensation, magnetoelectric micro-sensors, acoustical actuators and the wafer bonding as a key technology for the MEMS fabrication. The volume gathers the contributions presented at the 6th Conference on Microactuators, Microsensors and Micromechanisms (MAMM), held in Hyderabad, India in December 2022. The aim of the conference was to provide a special opportunity for a know-how exchange and collaboration in various disciplines concerning systems pertaining to micro-technology. The conference was organized under the patronage of IFToMM (International Federation for the Promotion of Mechanism and Machine Science).
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20353-4