Scientific publications without theses

Results: 827
Created on: Tue, 07 May 2024 23:10:12 +0200 in 0.0689 sec


Henning, Stefan; Linß, Sebastian; Zentner, Lena
Synthesis method for the determination of suitable geometric parameters of flexure hinges :
Synthesemethode zur Bestimmung geeigneter Geometrieparameter von Festkörpergelenken. - In: IFToMM D-A-CH Konferenz 2021 der IFTOMM Member Organizations Austria, Germany, Switzerland, (2021), S. 28-29

https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/74040
Warsito, Indhika Fauzhan; Machts, René; Griebel, Stefan; Fiedler, Patrique; Haueisen, Jens
Influence of silver/silver chloride electroless plating on the Shore hardness of polyurethane substrates for dry EEG electrodes. - In: Current directions in biomedical engineering, ISSN 2364-5504, Bd. 7 (2021), 2, S. 9-12

Dry electrodes enable a shorter preparation time for infant EEG. Since infant skin is more sensitive than adult skin, soft electrodes are required to reduce the mechanical stress for this sensitive skin. Thus, soft electrodes are crucial for eventual repetitive and long-term use like in neonatal intensive care units. A biocompatible polyurethane (PU) can be produced in low hardness resulting in a soft and flexible electrode substrate. Silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electroless plating provides a conductive, electrochemically stable coating but the process may alter the mechanical properties of the electrode substrate. In this study, we assess the hardness of PU material before and after Ag/AgCl plating. The test sample design for Shore hardness measurement is based on ISO 7619-1:2010. Sample production consists of a 3D print master model, silicone molding, PU casting, and finally electroless plating. UPX 8400-1 (Sika AG, Switzerland) is used for the sample substrates. Test samples are produced with 7 different Shore hardness (range A40-A95) and 14 samples (each hardness: 1 uncoated and 1 coated). The hardness measurements are carried out with a lever-operated test stand Shore hardness tester model with a digital hardness tester (TI-AC with HDA 100-1, KERN & SOHN GmbH, Germany). It is shown that there is a hardness increase (Shore A) due to Ag/AgCl coating with a grand average of 1.1±0.7 (p<0.05). The largest increase of 2.1±0.2 is seen on the initial lowest Shore hardness sample (Shore hardness: 43.4±0.1). The absolute increase of hardness due to the Ag/AgCl coating decreases with increasing substrate hardness. It is concluded that there is no strong hardness increase of PU substrates due to Ag/AgCl plating. Therefore, the material is suitable as a soft electrode for repetitive and long-term use in infant applications.



https://doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2021-2003
Luo, Yinnan; Römer, Ulrich; Riegraf, Sören; Fidlin, Alexander; Zirkel, Marten; Zentner, Lena
Anwendung einer Homotopie-Optimierungs-Methode zur Identifikation der Modellparameter eines Roboterprototyps. - In: Schwingungen 2021, (2021), S. 259-271

Bei der Entwicklung eines Roboter Prototyps mit fünf Segmenten sind die Systemparameter zu identifizieren, die für den modellbasierten Regelungsentwurf notwendig sind. Die periodische Gehbewegung bei konstanter Geschwindigkeit wird durch die geregelten Schwingungen der Beine erzeugt. Das dynamische Experiment in Form eines Doppelpendels wird auf der Hälfte des Prototyps inklusive einem Oberschenkel und einem Unterschenkel durchgeführt. Die Rotationswinkel in der Hüfte- und Kniegelenke wird durch zwei Winkelsensoren aufgenommen. Das Parameteridentifikationsprocess wird als ein Homotopie-Methode basiertes Optimierungsproblem formuliert, das die Abweichung zwischen der gemessenen Zeitreihe und der simulierten Winkel-Trajektorie minimiert. Währenddessen werden die Anfangsbedingungen der Simulation, Sensorkalibrierung und Systemparameter variiert, bis ein globales Minimum erreicht ist. Die vorgestellte Methode zeigt eine zuverlässige und reproduzierbare Abschätzung der Parameter auf das reale System.



https://elibrary.vdi-verlag.de/10.51202/9783181023914-259
Zirkel, Marten; Fidlin, Alexander; Zentner, Lena
Eine Methode zum Design von nachgiebigen Systemen mit KI Unterstützung. - In: 14. Kolloquium Getriebetechnik, (2021), S. 63-72

In diesem Beitrag wird eine Methode vorgestellt, mit deren Hilfe ein nachgiebiges System mit einen gewünschten qualitativen Momenentenverlauf erstellt werden kann. Die Methode basiert auf einem neuronalen Netz, das auf Grundlage dieses Verlaufes ein System vorschlägt. Ein nachgiebiges System besteht aus der Kombination von maximal zwei nachgiebigen Elementen (NE) mit vier Randbedingungen, welche immer mit zwei Starrkörpern verbunden sind. Die Starrkörper teilen sich ein Drehgelenk. Durch die Kombination von zwei NE und vier Randbedingungen lassen sich bis zu 168 verschiedene nachgiebige Systeme bilden. Die Berechnung des Momentenverlaufs beruht auf der Theorie großer nichtlinearer Verformungen stabförmiger Strukturen. Es wird gezeigt, dass KI-basierte Methoden zum Design von nachgiebigen Systemen erfolgreich eingesetzt werden können.



Scharff, Moritz;
Bio-inspired tactile sensing : analysis of the inherent characteristics of a vibrissa-like tactile sensor. - Ilmenau : Universitätsverlag Ilmenau, 2021. - 1 Online-Ressource (xviii, 169 Seiten)
Technische Universität Ilmenau, Dissertation 2020

Die Weiterentwicklung taktiler Sensoren gewinnt an Bedeutung bspw. durch eine verstärkte Anwendung taktiler Sensoren zur Navigation in unbekannten Umgebungen von autonomen mobilen Robotern. Eine Möglichkeit taktile Sensoren weiter zu entwickeln ist, sich - wie auch schon andere Entwicklungen zeigen - der Natur zu bedienen, Vorbilder zu identifizieren, diese fundamental zu analysieren und als wesentlich befundene Eigenschaften und Funktionstüchtigkeiten zu adaptieren. Ratten besitzen auffällige Tasthaare an beiden Seiten der Schnauze, sogenannte Vibrissen. Diese sind gekennzeichnet durch einen langen, schlanken und natürlich vorgekrümmten Haarschaft mit konischem Querschnittsverlauf. Der Haarschaft wird von einem Haarfollikel gehalten, der sich unter der Haut befindet und in dem überdies Mechanorezeptoren zur Reizdetektion zu finden sind. Während der Erkundung von unbekannten Umgebungen und Objekten setzen Ratten ihre Vibrissen ein, um bspw. die Form oder Textur eines Objektes zu bestimmen, indem die Vibrisse daran entlang bewegt wird. Die Informationsaufnahme wird im Haarfollikel durch die Mechanorezeptoren realisiert. Die vorliegende Arbeit leistet einen Beitrag zum übergeordneten Ziel, die Eigenschaften und Einsatzmöglichkeiten dieses komplexen und hochentwickelten Sensorsystems der Natur für technische Anwendungen nutzbar zu machen. Die Eigenschaften einer Vibrisse sind synergetisch und beeinflussen ihre Funktionen in bedeutendem Maß. Deshalb wird das natürliche Vorbild detailliert analysiert und mit den Konzepten des biomechatronischen Systems und des Reizleitungsapparats beschrieben und auf dieser Basis ein Vibrissen-ähnlicher Sensor entworfen, um die inhärenten Eigenschaften eines solchen Sensorsystems zu untersuchen. Um die Funktionstüchtigkeit des entworfenen Protoyps, aufgebaut auf Basis der detaillierten Vorabanalyse, zu untersuchen, werden verschiedene Testobjekte, einschließlich verschiedener Oberflächenbeschaffenheiten, mit dem Sensor vermessen. Anhand der aufgezeichneten Messsignale zeigt sich, dass ein Objekt durch seine generelle Form sowie seine makroskopische und mikroskopische Oberflächenstruktur beschrieben werden kann. Die genannten Informationen überlagern sich in den gemessenen Signalen und müssen für eine weiterführende Auswertung extrahiert werden. Der Abstand zwischen Sensorlagerung und Objekt hat entscheidenden Einfluss. Makroskopische Oberflächenelemente lassen sich im Abstand von 80% der Länge des Sensorschafts besonders gut detektieren. Ein mittlerer Abstand, ca. 60% der Länge des Sensorschafts, unterstützt die Erfassung der Eigenschaften einer mikroskopischen Textur. Hingegen ist ein kleiner Abstand von 45% der Sensorschaftlänge besonders geeignet zur Detektion der generellen Form des Objekts. Diese Effekte sind in enger Verbindung zur Elastizität des Sensorschafts zu interpretieren. Beispielsweise verhindert die starke Krümmung des Sensorschafts in Folge eines kleinen Objektabstandes eine Detektion von makroskopischen Oberflächenelementen wie Rillen und Stufen, da sich der Sensorschaft in dieser Konfiguration wie ein adaptiver morphologischer Filter auswirkt und damit eine inhärente Eigenschaft des Sensorsystems ist. Der Übergang zwischen der makroskopischen und mikroskopischen Oberflächenstruktur wird durch den Durchmesser der Spitze des Sensorschafts bestimmt. Oberflächenstrukturelemente, die kleiner als dieser Durchmesser sind, gehören zur mikroskopischen Oberflächenstruktur. Daraus folgt, dass auch der Durchmesser der Spitze eine inhärente Eigenschaft ist. Eine weitere inhärente Eigenschaft wird bei der Detektion einer mikroskopischen Oberflächenstruktur erkennbar. Wenn der, sich im Kontakt befindende, stark verformte, Sensorschaft so bewegt wird, dass die konkave Seite des Sensorschafts in Bewegungsrichtung zeigt, werden die erfassten Signale verstärkt - im Vergleich zur entgegengesetzten Bewegungsrichtung. Unter Berücksichtigung der genannten und weiterer Ideen, wird der durch eine natürliche Vibirsse inspirierte Sensor in der vorliegenden Arbeit untersucht.



https://doi.org/10.22032/dbt.47879
Gast, Simon; Prem, Nina; Schale, Florian; Zeidis, Igor; Zimmermann, Klaus
Vklad v mechaniku mnogoslojnoj podatlivoj sistemy s priloženijami dlja mjagkoj robototechniki :
A contribution to the mechanics of a multi-layered compliant system with applications for soft robotics. - In: Problems of mechanics, ISSN 1512-0740, (2021), No. 2(83), Seite 7-17

Griebel, Alexandra; Henning, Stefan; Griebel, Stefan; Schale, Florian; Fröhlich, Thomas; Töpfer, Hannes; Zentner, Lena
Naučnye issledovanija na osnove modelirovanija s cel&softcy;ju raspoznavanija sily putem monitoringa a deformacionnogo sostojanija gibkogo mechanizma :
Model-based investigations of force detection by monitoring the deformation state of a compliant mechanism. - In: Problems of mechanics, ISSN 1512-0740, (2021), No. 3(84), Seite 51-62

A strong, long-lasting pressure on the human skin whose effect is increased by shear forces can lead to the development of a pressure ulcer (decubitus). In order to minimize the risk of pressure ulcers developing, critical forces acting between the body and a sitting or lying surface should be detected and eliminated in time. One possibility for detecting critical forces is the actuation of tactile switches. In this article, miniature tactile switches are integrated into a compliant mechanism using the example of a MATF1 mattress spring made by Hartmann Kunststofftechnik GmbH & Co. KG. For this purpose, the deformation behavior of the spring is analyzed by means of non-linear analytical and finite elements method (FEM) calculations and the required tactile switches parameters as well as suitable locations for their placement are determined. A functional model is then built and examined.



Prem, Nina; Schale, Florian; Zimmermann, Klaus; Gowda, Darshan Kare; Odenbach, Stefan
Synthesis and characterization of the properties of thermosensitive elastomers with thermoplastic and magnetic particles for application in soft robotics. - In: Journal of applied polymer science, ISSN 1097-4628, Bd. 138 (2021), 44, 51296, insges. 14 S.

In the currently rapidly developing field of soft robots, smart materials with controllable properties play the central role. Thermosensitive elastomers are soft, smart materials whose material properties can be controlled by changing their temperature. The aim of this work is to investigate the mechanical properties, to analyze the surface, the inner structure, and the heat transfer within the thermosensitive elastomer materials. This should provide a knowledge base for new combinations, such as a combination of thermosensitive and the well-known magneto sensitive elastomers, in order to realize new applications. Thermoplastic polycaprolactone particles were incorporated into a flexible polydimethylsiloxane matrix to produce thermosensitive elastomer samples. With a low melting point in the range of 58-60&ring;C, polycaprolactone offers good application potential compared to other thermoplastic materials such as polymethamethylacrylate with a melting point above 160&ring;C. Test samples of different material compositions and geometries were made to examine temperature-depending material properties. Two useful effects were identified: temperature-dependent change in stiffness and the shape memory effect. In certain examinations, carbonyl iron particles were also included to find out if the two particle systems are compatible with each other and can be combined in the polydimethylsiloxane matrix without disadvantages. Changes in shore hardness before and after the influence of temperature were investigated. Micro computed tomography images and scanning electron microscopy images of the respective samples were also obtained in order to detect the temperature influence on the material internally as well as on the surface of the thermosensitive elastomers in combination with carbonyl iron particles. In order to investigate the heat transfer within the samples, heating tests were carried out and the influence of different particle concentrations of the thermosensitive elastomers with and without carbonyl iron particles was determined. Further work will focus on comprehensive investigations of thermo-magneto-sensitive elastomers, as this will enable the functional integration in the material to be implemented with increased efficiency. By means of the different investigations, the authors see future applications for this class of materials in adaptive sensor and gripper elements in soft robotics.



https://doi.org/10.1002/app.51296
Ortlepp, Ingo; Fröhlich, Thomas; Füßl, Roland; Reger, Johann; Schäffel, Christoph; Sinzinger, Stefan; Strehle, Steffen; Theska, René; Zentner, Lena; Zöllner, Jens-Peter; Rangelow, Ivo W.; Reinhardt, Carsten; Hausotte, Tino; Cao, Xinrui; Dannberg, Oliver; Fern, Florian; Fischer, David; Gorges, Stephan; Hofmann, Martin; Kirchner, Johannes; Meister, Andreas; Sasiuk, Taras; Schienbein, Ralf; Supreeti, Shraddha; Mohr-Weidenfeller, Laura; Weise, Christoph; Reuter, Christoph; Stauffenberg, Jaqueline; Manske, Eberhard
Tip- and laser-based 3D nanofabrication in extended macroscopic working areas. - In: Nanomanufacturing and metrology, ISSN 2520-8128, Bd. 4 (2021), 3, S. 132-148

The field of optical lithography is subject to intense research and has gained enormous improvement. However, the effort necessary for creating structures at the size of 20 nm and below is considerable using conventional technologies. This effort and the resulting financial requirements can only be tackled by few global companies and thus a paradigm change for the semiconductor industry is conceivable: custom design and solutions for specific applications will dominate future development (Fritze in: Panning EM, Liddle JA (eds) Novel patterning technologies. International society for optics and photonics. SPIE, Bellingham, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2593229). For this reason, new aspects arise for future lithography, which is why enormous effort has been directed to the development of alternative fabrication technologies. Yet, the technologies emerging from this process, which are promising for coping with the current resolution and accuracy challenges, are only demonstrated as a proof-of-concept on a lab scale of several square micrometers. Such scale is not adequate for the requirements of modern lithography; therefore, there is the need for new and alternative cross-scale solutions to further advance the possibilities of unconventional nanotechnologies. Similar challenges arise because of the technical progress in various other fields, realizing new and unique functionalities based on nanoscale effects, e.g., in nanophotonics, quantum computing, energy harvesting, and life sciences. Experimental platforms for basic research in the field of scale-spanning nanomeasuring and nanofabrication are necessary for these tasks, which are available at the Technische Universität Ilmenau in the form of nanopositioning and nanomeasuring (NPM) machines. With this equipment, the limits of technical structurability are explored for high-performance tip-based and laser-based processes for enabling real 3D nanofabrication with the highest precision in an adequate working range of several thousand cubic millimeters.



https://doi.org/10.1007/s41871-021-00110-w
Zuniga, M. Geraldine; Hügl, Silke; Engst, Benjamin G.; Lenarz, Thomas; Rau, Thomas S.
The effect of ultra-slow velocities on insertion forces : a study using a highly flexible straight electrode array. - In: Otology & neurotology, ISSN 1537-4505, Bd. 42 (2021), 8, S. e1013-e1021

Objective: The present study sought to 1) characterize insertion forces resulting from a flexible straight electrode array (EA) inserted at slow and ultra-slow insertion velocities, and 2) evaluate if ultra-slow velocities decrease insertion forces independent of other variables. Background: Low insertion forces are desirable in cochlear implant (CI) surgery to reduce trauma and preserve hearing. Recently, ultra-slow insertion velocities (lower than manually feasible) have been shown to produce significantly lower insertion forces using other EAs. Methods: Five flexible straight EAs were used to record insertion forces into an inelastic artificial scala tympani model. Eleven trial recordings were performed for each EA at five predetermined automated, continuous insertion velocities ranging from 0.03 to 1.6 mm/s. Results: An ultra-slow insertion velocity of 0.03 mm/s resulted in a median insertion force of 0.010 N at 20 mm of insertion depth, and 0.026 N at 24.3 mm - the final insertion depth. These forces represent only 24 to 29% of those measured using 1.6 mm/s. After controlling for insertion depth of the EA into the artificial scala tympani model and trial insertion number, decreasing the insertion velocity from 0.4 to 0.03 mm/s resulted in a 50% decrease in the insertion forces. Conclusion: Using the tested EA ultra-slow velocities can decrease insertion forces, independent of variables like insertion depth. Our results suggest ultra-slow velocities can reduce insertion forces at least 60%, compared with humanly feasible continuous velocities (≥0.9 mm/s).



https://doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000003148

   

... until 2022 from the Technical Mechanics Group

Results: 519
Created on: Tue, 07 May 2024 23:08:42 +0200 in 0.0655 sec


Scharff, Moritz; Alencastre, Jorge H.; Behn, Carsten
Detection of surface texture with an artificial tactile sensor. - In: Interdisciplinary applications of kinematics, (2019), S. 43-50

Chavez, Jhohan; Scharff, Moritz; Helbig, Thomas; Alencastre, Jorge H.; Böhm, Valter; Behn, Carsten
Analysis of the dynamic behavior of beams supported by a visco-elastic foundation in context to natural vibrissa. - In: Interdisciplinary applications of kinematics, (2019), S. 51-59

Merker, Lukas; Scharff, Moritz; Behn, Carsten
Approach to the dynamical scanning of object contours using tactile sensors. - In: Proceedings, 2019 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics (ICM), (2019), S. 364-369

https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMECH.2019.8722882
Chavez, Jhohan; Schorr, Philipp; Scharff, Moritz; Schale, Florian; Böhm, Valter; Zimmermann, Klaus
Towards magneto-sensitive elastomers based end-effectors for gripping application technologies. - In: Proceedings, 2019 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics (ICM), (2019), S. 217-222

https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMECH.2019.8722922
Becker, Tatiana; Böhm, Valter; Chavez, Jhohan; Odenbach, Stefan; Raikher, Yuriy L.; Zimmermann, Klaus
Magnetic-field-controlled mechanical behavior of magneto-sensitive elastomers in applications for actuator and sensor systems. - In: Archive of applied mechanics, ISSN 1432-0681, Bd. 89 (2019), 1, S. 133-152

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00419-018-1477-4
Dubovikova, Nataliia; Gerlach, Erik; Zeidis, Igor; Zimmermann, Klaus
Mathematical modeling of friction stir welding considering dry and viscous friction. - In: Applied mathematical modelling, Bd. 67 (2019), S. 1-8
Corrigendum: Bd. 77 (2020), part 1, page 981

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2018.10.014
Sumi, Susanne; Böhm, Valter; Schorr, Philipp; Zentner, Lena; Zimmermann, Klaus
Compliant class 1 tensegrity structures for gripper applications. - In: EuCoMeS 2018, (2019), S. 392-399

This paper describes concepts for finger-grippers based on compliant multistable class 1 tensegrity structures. Two of these concepts are selected and examined in detail. With theoretical investigations the member parameters and the resulting gripping forces are determined. There are done dynamical analyses of one of these grippers to obtain the behaviour with an actuation force. Moreover demonstrators of both grippers are built.



https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98020-1_46
Nunuparov, Armen; Becker, Felix; Bolotnik, Nikolai N.; Zeidis, Igor; Zimmermann, Klaus
Vibration-driven capsubot with an opposing spring: an experimental study. - In: ROMANSY 22 – Robot Design, Dynamics and Control, (2019), S. 126-133

A vibration-driven locomotor (capsubot) consisting of a rigid housing and an internal body connected to the housing by a spring is considered. The system is driven and controlled by an electromagnetic actuator that provides a force interaction between the housing and the internal body. The housing moves along a line on a horizontal plane with dry friction. The control voltage is applied to the robot in a periodic pulse-width mode, the voltage polarity remaining unchanged. Theoretical analysis predicts that the speed and direction of motion of the robot can be controlled by varying the period or/and the duty cycle of the control signal. An experimental prototype of the robot is built and the experiments are performed. The experiments confirm the theoretical prediction.



https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78963-7_17
Scharff, Moritz; Rivera Campos, Richard A.; Merker, Lukas; Alencastre, Jorge H.; Behn, Carsten; Zimmermann, Klaus
Flow detection using an artificial vibrissa-like sensor - simulations and experiments. - In: 18th Mechatronika 2018, (2018), insges. 6 S.

everal animal species like rats or seals explore the surrounding environment with their sensory hairs, the so-called vibrissae. Regarding to natural vibrissa, the functionalities of tactile object sensing to receive information about, e.g., the shape and/or the surface texture are often discussed. But, the usage of natural vibrissae to detect flows is reported as well. The necessary information about the flow are coded in the signals recorded at the base of the vibrissa. Due to the natural paragon, we adapt this behavior in order to show up how the information about flows can be extracted from these observables. This is an important procedure because the detection and determination of information about flow effects become interesting for several reasons. For example, in the case of other sensing tasks and strategies like object contour scanning, flows are considered as (possible) disturbances that have to be known to reconstruct any sensed boundary. Otherwise, the flow itself can be of interest. In a first step, simulations are performed to examine the relations between the observables at the base of the sensor and the applied velocity of a flow. Here, a steady-state uniform flow is assumed. The simulations are validated by experiments.



https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8624786
Zimmermann, Klaus; Gerlach, Erik; Zeidis, Igor; Otterbach, Jan Marc; Töpfer, Hannes; Brauer, Hartmut; Ziolkowski, Marek; Schmidt, Reinhard
Mechaničeskoe i čislennoe modelirovanie kompaktnoj sistemy dlja defektoskopii indukcionnymi vichrevymi tokami :
Mechanical modeling and simulation of a portable system for Motion Induced Eddy Current Testing. - In: Problems of mechanics, ISSN 1512-0740, (2018), No. 3(72), S. 17-28

The paper deals with the mechanical modeling of a sensor concept in the framework of Motion Induced Eddy Current Testing (MIECT). The system consists of a magnet arrangement with two axially magnetized cylinder magnets, which are fixed to a shaft, driven by a motor with a constant angular velocity. A pick-up coil, assembled around the magnet arrangement and fixed to the sensors framework, measures the magnetic flux varying in time. The mechanical behavior of this experimental setup is analyzed using analytical and numerical methods. The main conclusions concerning the systems behavior are made with the asymptotic method. The investigations based on methods of Bogoliubov & Mitropolski show, that the main contribution to the solution is given by the first fundamental harmonic. The exact equation of motion is integrated numerically. The results of the theoretic investigations are compared with experimental data.