Income distribution and nudity on social media: attention economics of Instagram stars. - In: Kyklos, ISSN 1467-6435, Bd. 77 (2024), 1, S. 184-212
Social media stars gain star-status with uploads on social media pages like YouTube, TikTok, or Instagram. One of the most popular platforms is “Instagram” owned by Meta/Facebook. The growing social, cultural, and economic power of so-called influencers raises questions about key drivers of success and, moreover, distribution of income on social media platforms. Instagram has been accused of strategically favoring images with nude content. In order to shed light on this socio-critical aspect, this paper examines the following research questions: Does body exposure drive income success on Instagram? Is there a difference between male and female content in this regard? This paper empirically analyzes 500 top Instagram stars within the categories (1) fashion and beauty, (2) fitness and sports, (3) music, (4) photo and arts, and (5) food and vegan. The data provide information on popularity, posting behavior, and price estimates per post. Using hybrid regression models, the results show indeed positive impact of body exposure on monetary success. Accounts with high level of body exposure achieve higher prices and advertising revenues than accounts with less nudity, regardless of the gender. Regarding gender differences, male content achieves on average higher advertising prices, whereas female accounts provide more branded content and eventually achieve higher advertising revenues.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/kykl.12363
Parental sex education and sexual risk behavior of daughters and sons: findings from the representative survey “Youth Sexuality” :
Elterliche Sexualaufklärung und sexuelles Risikoverhalten bei Töchtern und Söhnen: Befunde aus der Repräsentativbefragung „Jugendsexualität“. - In: Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz, ISSN 1437-1588, Bd. 67 (2024), 1, S. 14-22
Hintergrund - Sexualaufklärung im Elternhaus soll laut Sozialisationstheorie zu mehr sexueller Handlungskompetenz bei Jugendlichen führen. Aktuelle Daten für Deutschland fehlen jedoch. Ziel der Arbeit - Vor diesem Hintergrund war es Ziel der vorliegenden Studie, erstmals das allgemeine Sprechen über Sexualität im Elternhaus (Forschungsfrage 1, F1) sowie speziell die Verhütungsberatung durch die Eltern (F2) mit dem sexuellen Risikoverhalten der Jugendlichen in Verbindung zu setzen. Material und Methoden - Datengrundlage ist die 9. Welle der Repräsentativbefragung „Jugendsexualität“ der Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA). Analysiert wurden Daten aller sexuell aktiven 14- bis 17-jährigen Jugendlichen im Sample, von denen eigene Angaben zum Sexualverhalten sowie Angaben ihrer Eltern zum Aufklärungsverhalten vorliegen (N= 357). Zur Beantwortung der beiden Forschungsfragen wurden logistische Regressionsanalysen mit 4 zentralen Merkmalen des jugendlichen Sexualverhaltens gerechnet. Ergebnisse - Es zeigte sich, dass das Sprechen über Sexualität im Elternhaus bei Mädchen und Jungen positiv korreliert mit 1. dem erreichten Konsensalter beim ersten Geschlechtsverkehr, 2. einem positiven Erleben des ersten Geschlechtsverkehrs, 3. einem zuverlässigen Verhütungsverhalten und 4. einer geringen Anzahl an Sexualpartner*innen (F1). Das gleiche Ergebnismuster ergab sich für die Verhütungsberatung durch die Eltern (F2). Diskussion - Die positiven Zusammenhänge zwischen elterlicher Sexualaufklärung und risikoärmerem jugendlichen Sexualverhalten gilt es hinsichtlich der zugrunde liegenden Kausalmechanismen genauer zu untersuchen.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-023-03783-4
The framing of diversity statements in European universities: the role of imprinting and institutional legacy. - In: Minerva, ISSN 1573-1871, Bd. 62 (2024), 1, S. 69-92
We analyze the role of institutional founding conditions and institutional legacy for universities’ self-representation in terms of diversity. Based on 374 universities located in the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, and Poland, we can differentiate between a more idealistic understanding (logic of inclusion and equality) and a more market-oriented understanding (market logic) of diversity. Our findings show that the founding phase has no significant effect on the likelihood of a university focusing on a market-oriented understanding of diversity - however, we observe an imprinting effect with respect to the adoption of a diversity statement in general and an equity-oriented statement. Moreover, our findings show that there is a socialistic heritage for universities in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries that is at work and still influences universities’ understandings of diversity today.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-023-09507-x
Towards augmented and mixed reality on future mobile networks. - In: Multimedia tools and applications, ISSN 1573-7721, Bd. 83 (2024), 3, S. 9067-9102
Augmented and Mixed Reality (AR/MR) technologies enhance the human perception of the world by combining virtual and real environments. With the increase of mobile devices and the advent of 5G, this technology has the potential to become part of people’s life. This article aims to evaluate the impact of 5G and beyond mobile networks in the future of AR/MR. To attend to this objective, we surveyed four digital libraries to identify articles and reviews concerning AR/MR use based on mobile networks. The results describe the state-of-the-art of mobile AR/MR applications and the benefits and challenges of the technology. Finally, after the review, we propose a roadmap concerning AR/MR hardware and software development to run applications supported by future mobile networks.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-15301-4
Since Albert and Whetten: the dissemination of Albert and Whetten’s conceptualization of organizational identity. - In: Management review quarterly, ISSN 2198-1639, Bd. 74 (2024), 2, S. 597-625
Since the seminal work of Albert and Whetten, the organizational identity concept has become ubiquitous and highly relevant in various fields. This study systematically reviews how Albert and Whetten’s concept of organizational identity has been disseminated in different research areas. It employs quantitative (topic modeling) and qualitative text analysis, as well as a network analysis to examine a sample of 1,041 papers published between 1985 and mid-2022 that cite Albert and Whetten’s seminal work. Using this method of systematic literature analysis, the current study investigates the criteria of the basic definition and hypotheses mentioned in their work that contribute to its increasing significance, and those with the potential to become substantial aspects of future organizational identity research. Accordingly, Albert and Whetten’s conceptualization of organizational identity is often partially adopted in the literature. Thus, this study contributes to organizational identity research by unveiling further research questions on the evolving character of organizational identity, research methodology, and quantitative operationalization, on the basis of Albert and Whetten’s organizational identity conceptualization.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-022-00311-7
Digital media in intergenerational communication: status quo and future scenarios for the grandparent-grandchild relationship. - In: Universal access in the information society, ISSN 1615-5297, Bd. 23 (2024), 1, S. 379-394
Communication technologies play an important role in maintaining the grandparent-grandchild (GP-GC) relationship. Based on Media Richness Theory, this study investigates the frequency of use (RQ1) and perceived quality (RQ2) of established media as well as the potential use of selected innovative media (RQ3) in GP-GC relationships with a particular focus on digital media. A cross-sectional online survey and vignette experiment were conducted in February 2021 among N = 286 university students in Germany (mean age 23 years, 57% female) who reported on the direct and mediated communication with their grandparents. In addition to face-to-face interactions, non-digital and digital established media (such as telephone, texting, video conferencing) and innovative digital media, namely augmented reality (AR)-based and social robot-based communication technologies, were covered. Face-to-face and phone communication occurred most frequently in GP-GC relationships: 85% of participants reported them taking place at least a few times per year (RQ1). Non-digital established media were associated with higher perceived communication quality than digital established media (RQ2). Innovative digital media received less favorable quality evaluations than established media. Participants expressed doubts regarding the technology competence of their grandparents, but still met innovative media with high expectations regarding improved communication quality (RQ3). Richer media, such as video conferencing or AR, do not automatically lead to better perceived communication quality, while leaner media, such as letters or text messages, can provide rich communication experiences. More research is needed to fully understand and systematically improve the utility, usability, and joy of use of different digital communication technologies employed in GP-GC relationships.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-022-00957-w
Portraying the Pandemic: analysis of textual-visual frames in German news coverage of COVID-19 on Twitter. - In: Journalism practice, ISSN 1751-2794, Bd. 18 (2024), 4, S. 858-878
The novel coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) resulted in a severe global pandemic in 2020. Amid the unprecedented health crisis, visuals play important roles in media framing and health crisis communication. This article provides one of the first analyses of textual-visual news concerning COVID-19 posted by two leading German newspapers on Twitter. Our objective is to integrate texts and visuals into framing analysis to better understand the multimodal news presentation of health crises. A quantitative content analysis of 2479 tweets examined nine news frames, among which politics and instructions, update information, economic impact and social impact presented more thematic salience. The semiotic signs of indexical, symbolic and iconic appeared in news visuals and served evidential, performative and illustrative functions. The results also detected recurrent news visuals in the color-clustered patterns. Notably, an alluvial diagram revealed the connections between textual frames and visual signs across three crisis phases. In recognizing the diverse roles of visuals in constructing mediated reality, this article demonstrates the value in the multimodal framing of health crises and suggests expanding our focus to risk cultures for future international comparative research.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2022.2058063
Alte und neue Qualitätskriterien für die Inhaltsanalyse: eine kritische Perspektive auf die zentrale Methode der Kommunikationswissenschaft : Editorial zum Sonderheft
(Re)Establishing quality criteria for content analysis: a critical perspective on the field’s core method : editorial to the special issue. - In: Studies in communication and media, ISSN 2192-4007, Bd. 12 (2023), 4, S. 277-288
Content analysis is one of the core methods of communication science. However, it is currently confronted with several challenges, such as the influx of procedures, data, and measurements emerging from computational methods. To understand how communi- cation science adapts its methods while simultaneously reassuring their ongoing function- ality, the six contributions in this Special Issue focus on (re)established quality criteria for content analysis. They showcase the fact that while manual content analysis (and human coders) is still at the core of our methodology, traditional quality criteria are being reinter- preted and approximated, often in light of open science practices and computational text analysis. Therefore, we call for further reflection on conceptual clarity and methodological approaches related to traditional quality criteria (validity, reliability), how they may be reestablished (reproducibility, robustness, and replicability), as well as criteria that have recently come into focus (e.g., ethics). By bringing together leading scholars in this Special Issue, we aim to contribute to moving content analysis forward as a method based on in- sights from both inside and outside our discipline.
https://doi.org/10.5771/2192-4007-2023-4-277
A leader and a lady? : a computational approach to detection of political gender stereotypes in Facebook user comments. - In: International journal of communication, ISSN 1932-8036, Bd. 17 (2023), S. 236-255
Voters tend to perceive female and male politicians differently, viewing women in politics through the prism of existing gender stereotypes. Although social media have become one of the key platforms for political communication, little is known about stereotypes that social media users communicate about political candidates. This study investigates how gender influences citizens’ evaluations of more than 500 U.S. politicians on social media. Drawing on a large sample of Facebook user comments (n = 13,866,507), we find that female politicians are discussed using traits describing women’s personality and appearance. We also show that users associate female politicians with leadership, competence, and empathy. However, the results are different for highly prominent politicians. Specifically, our findings support the idea of leadership roles being more strongly linked to the masculine stereotype, as we observe that Donald Trump is more strongly associated with masculinity and traits relevant for a political career than Hillary Clinton.
https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/19041
Fake or fact? : factors predicting the capability of recipients to assess the truthfulness of impactful news. - In: International journal of communication, ISSN 1932-8036, Bd. 17 (2023), S. 6633-6654
Susceptibility to mis- and disinformation constitutes a risk for democracy. Research is needed on how well recipients assess the veracity of news and how their assessments are affected. Using quantitative data from a representative survey for Germany, I determined which features predict susceptibility to misinformation. Regression models show which aspects facilitate misperception and which competencies should be promoted to enhance resilience. The respondents tended to be biased and prone to misperceptions about the topics integrated into the study that surrounded the environment, sustainability, and international affairs. The article recommends media literacy programs to address the challenges of misperception.
https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/20862